Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Alfred Adler
Who authored the Individual Psychology?
Pneumonia
Alfred Adler nearly died at the age of 5 of what disease?
Heart Attack
Alfred Adler Passed away from what?
Freud's Wednesday Psychological Society
What was the psychological society of Freud that Adler joined?
Alfred Adler
He develop inferiority complex and the concept of social interest
Individual Psychology
Adler's theory of personality, which emphasizes the unique potential of each individual
Individual Psychology
The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority
Individual Psychology
People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior & personality.
Individual Psychology
Personality is unified and self- consistent
Individual Psychology
The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest
Individual Psychology
The self- consistent personality structure develops into a person's style of life
Individual Psychology
Style of life is molded by people's creative power
Striving for Success
The main force behind human behavior is the striving for success or superiority
Striving for Success
All individuals start life with physical deficiencies, creating feelings of inferiority.
Striving for Success
These feelings drive people to strive for either personal superiority (unhealthy) or success for humanity (healthy).
Aggression
Adler believed ________________ was the main drive but later rejected this idea.
Masculine Protest
He introduced the term _____________ (will to power) but later abandoned it
Superiority
It is for self-focused individuals
Striving for Success
It is for socially motivated people
Unifying Personality
Each person sets a fictional final goal to compensate for inferiority.
Creative Power
The goal is not determined by genetics or environment but shaped by an individual's creative power. By age 4-5, children establish their final goal, which influences their personality
Neglected Children
Develop unconscious, unhealthy goals
Loved Children
Form conscious, socially beneficial goals.
Innate Drive, Personal Development
What are the Striving as Compensation?
Innate Drive
Striving for success originates from an innate tendency toward completion and wholeness
Personal Development
At birth, striving exists as potential and develops as children establish life goals
Personal Development
Success is subjective—people define it in their own way (e.g., artist, athlete, leader)
Success is Subjective
people define it in their own way (e.g., artist, athlete, leader)
Striving for Success
Motivated by social interest and collective progress
Striving for Success
Helps others without seeking personal gain
Striving for Success
Views problems from a societal perspective rather than a personal one
Striving for Personal Superiority
Motivated by exaggerated feelings of inferiority.
Striving for Personal Superiority
Self-centered; seeks dominance over others.
Striving for Personal Superiority
Can disguise selfishness as social concern
Subjective Perceptions
People's behavior and personality are shaped not by reality itself but by how they perceive reality
Peoples behavior and personality
In Subjective Perceptions, ____________________ are shaped not by reality itself but by how they perceive reality.
People are motivated by subjective beliefs
People are motivated by subjective beliefs, not necessarily by facts
Fictionalism
People are motivated by subjective beliefs, not necessarily by facts.
Fictionalism
These fictions (beliefs) influence behavior as if they were real.
Fictions
These (beliefs) influence behavior as if they were real.
Teleology
Behavior is driven by future goals and purposes. (Adler)
Causality
Behavior is shaped by past experiences (Freud)
Perception of the Future
Adler believed people act based on their _______________________, not just past events
Weak and Inferior
People start life feeling ____________________ and create beliefs on how to overcome these feelings
Physical Weakness
This don't cause personality, but they motivate people to improve.
past perceptions
Even after gaining strength or success, they may still act inferior due to their ________________
Healthy Way, Overcompensate
Some compensate in a ______________ (growing & contributing to society), while others _______________(becoming aggressive or avoiding challenges)
Personality
It is unified and consistent—even when behavior seems unpredictable, it serves a single purpose
Organ Dialect
The body can symbolically express a person's desires
Unconscious
It is simply the part of a goal that a person does not fully understand
Conscious
Thoughts help in achieving success, while unconscious thoughts may not be as clear
Conscious
Once we understand an unconscious motive, it becomes
Social Interest
It is the foundation of psychological health and represents a sense of belonging and cooperation with humanity
Gemeinschaftsgefühl
What is the German word of Social Interest?
Social Interest
What is Gemeinschaftsgefühl
Social Interest
It means feeling connected to all of humanity and striving for the well-being of others, not just personal success
Social Interest
It is the glue that holds society together and is necessary for human survival.
personal superiority
A person with strong social interest prioritizes community growth over _______________
Social Interest
It is a potential in everyone but must be nurtured to develop fully. It starts in infancy through the mother-child bond, where the child learns love and cooperation.
Social Interest
It is Adler's measure of psychological health and maturity.
Lifestyle
Refers to a person's unique way of living, which includes their goals, self-view, relationships with others, and overall attitude toward life. It develops early in childhood (by age 4 or 5) and stays consistent, guiding all future actions
Healthy Individuals
They are flexible, open to change, and capable of adjusting their approach while still working toward their main life goal.
Socially Useful Lifestyle
The healthiest individuals contribute to society by facing life's three major challenges—relationships with others (neighborly love), romantic relationships (sexual love), and work (occupation). They tackle these challenges with cooperation, courage, and a desire to help others.
Neighborly Love, Sexual Love, Occupation
Address three major life challenges:
Neighborly Love
Building positive social relationships
Sexual Love
Developing meaningful romantic connections.
Occupation
Contributing to society through work
Ruling Dominant Type
Assertive, controlling, sometimes aggressive. Seeks power over others to compensate for inferiority
Learning Type
Relies on others for support and validation. Passive in overcoming challenges, prone to feelings of inferiority
Avoiding Type
Withdraws from challenges and conflict. Uses procrastination and passivity to maintain self-esteem, limiting growth.
Socially Useful Type
Well-adjusted and psychologically healthy. Approaches challenges with confidence and responsibility. Balances personal goals with social interest, contributing to society.
Creative Power
Each person has the freedom to shape their own style of life
Creative Power
Individuals are responsible for their actions and personal development.
Creative Power
It allows people to control their lives and pursue their goals.
Creative Power
It influences social interest and determines how one strives for success.
Creative Power
It makes each person a free individual
Safeguarding Tendencies
These are conscious behaviors people use to protect their fragile self-esteem and avoid public disgrace.
Safeguarding Tendencies
Unlike Freud's unconscious defense mechanisms, _________________ are mainly found in neurotic individuals who want to maintain an inflated self-image
Excuses, Aggression, Depreciation, Accusation, Self Accusation, Withdrawal, Moving Backward, Hesitating, Constructing Obstacles
What are the Safeguarding Tendencies
Excuses
These are a safeguarding tendency where people justify inaction or failure to protect their fragile self-esteem.
Excuses
The "Yes, but" excuse pretends to agree with an idea but follows with a reason why it can't be done, while the "If only" excuse blames external factors for personal shortcomings
Aggression
As a safeguarding tendency helps individuals protect their fragile self esteem by asserting dominance or blaming others. It can take three forms
Depreciation
It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals undermine others to make themselves appear superior. This is often done through criticism and gossip, such as discrediting someone's success or accusing them of incompetence.
Accusation
It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals blame others for their failures to protect their fragile self-esteem. By shifting responsibility, they avoid accountability and may even seek revenge
Self Accusation
It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals harm themselves emotionally or physically to manipulate others and maintain a sense of superiority
Withdrawal
It is where individuals avoid challenges to protect their fragile self-esteem. By creating distance they escape difficulties instead of confronting them
Moving Backward
It is a withdrawal strategy where individuals revert to an earlier, more secure stage of life to avoid challenges
Hesitating
It is a withdrawal strategy where people delay decisions or actions to avoid failure. By procrastinating, they eventually have an excuse
Constructing Obstacles
It is a way people protect their self-esteem by creating challenges for themselves. If they succeed, they boost their confidence
Masculine Protest
Unlike Freud, Adler believed men and women have similar psychological experiences and that male dominance is a cultural, not biological, construct.
Masculine Protest
Society encourages men to seek power and women to accept inferiority, leading some women to reject traditional roles.
birth order
Adler emphasized the importance of ___________, sibling gender, and age gaps in personality development.
Family Constellation
The social and psychological structure of the family system; includes birth order, the individual's perception of self, sibling characteristics and ratings, and parental relationships. Each person forms his or her unique view of self, others, and life through the family constellation.
Birth Order Influence
Family Constellation is also known as?
Only Child
Compete with parents rather than siblings, often developing an inflated sense of superiority and low social interest
First Child
Often feel powerful, anxious, and overprotective. Experience "dethronement" when a younger sibling arrives. Their response depends on whether they have a cooperative or self-centered style.
Second Child
Typically more cooperative and socially interested. Tend to be competitive but not overly discouraged unless they experience extreme hostility from the firstborn
Youngest Child
Often pampered, leading to dependence and inferiority feelings. However, they may be highly ambitious and motivated to surpass their siblings
Early Recollections
Adler used early childhood memories to understand a person's style of life. These memories do not cause personality traits but reflect how individuals interpret their experiences
Dreams
They do not predict the future but reveal insights into a person's problems. They often serve as self-deception, disguising true feelings or fears.