UTS - ALFRED ADLER

Alfred Adler

Who authored the Individual Psychology?

Pneumonia

Alfred Adler nearly died at the age of 5 of what disease?

Heart Attack

Alfred Adler Passed away from what?

Freud's Wednesday Psychological Society

What was the psychological society of Freud that Adler joined?

Alfred Adler

He develop inferiority complex and the concept of social interest

Individual Psychology

Adler's theory of personality, which emphasizes the unique potential of each individual

Individual Psychology

The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority

Individual Psychology

People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior & personality.

Individual Psychology

Personality is unified and self- consistent

Individual Psychology

The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest

Individual Psychology

The self- consistent personality structure develops into a person's style of life

Individual Psychology

Style of life is molded by people's creative power

Striving for Success

The main force behind human behavior is the striving for success or superiority

Striving for Success

All individuals start life with physical deficiencies, creating feelings of inferiority.

Striving for Success

These feelings drive people to strive for either personal superiority (unhealthy) or success for humanity (healthy).

Aggression

Adler believed ________________ was the main drive but later rejected this idea.

Masculine Protest

He introduced the term _____________ (will to power) but later abandoned it

Superiority

It is for self-focused individuals

Striving for Success

It is for socially motivated people

Unifying Personality

Each person sets a fictional final goal to compensate for inferiority.

Creative Power

The goal is not determined by genetics or environment but shaped by an individual's creative power. By age 4-5, children establish their final goal, which influences their personality

Neglected Children

Develop unconscious, unhealthy goals

Loved Children

Form conscious, socially beneficial goals.

Innate Drive, Personal Development

What are the Striving as Compensation?

Innate Drive

Striving for success originates from an innate tendency toward completion and wholeness

Personal Development

At birth, striving exists as potential and develops as children establish life goals

Personal Development

Success is subjective—people define it in their own way (e.g., artist, athlete, leader)

Success is Subjective

people define it in their own way (e.g., artist, athlete, leader)

Striving for Success

Motivated by social interest and collective progress

Striving for Success

Helps others without seeking personal gain

Striving for Success

Views problems from a societal perspective rather than a personal one

Striving for Personal Superiority

Motivated by exaggerated feelings of inferiority.

Striving for Personal Superiority

Self-centered; seeks dominance over others.

Striving for Personal Superiority

Can disguise selfishness as social concern

Subjective Perceptions

People's behavior and personality are shaped not by reality itself but by how they perceive reality

Peoples behavior and personality

In Subjective Perceptions, ____________________ are shaped not by reality itself but by how they perceive reality.

People are motivated by subjective beliefs

People are motivated by subjective beliefs, not necessarily by facts

Fictionalism

People are motivated by subjective beliefs, not necessarily by facts.

Fictionalism

These fictions (beliefs) influence behavior as if they were real.

Fictions

These (beliefs) influence behavior as if they were real.

Teleology

Behavior is driven by future goals and purposes. (Adler)

Causality

Behavior is shaped by past experiences (Freud)

Perception of the Future

Adler believed people act based on their _______________________, not just past events

Weak and Inferior

People start life feeling ____________________ and create beliefs on how to overcome these feelings

Physical Weakness

This don't cause personality, but they motivate people to improve.

past perceptions

Even after gaining strength or success, they may still act inferior due to their ________________

Healthy Way, Overcompensate

Some compensate in a ______________ (growing & contributing to society), while others _______________(becoming aggressive or avoiding challenges)

Personality

It is unified and consistent—even when behavior seems unpredictable, it serves a single purpose

Organ Dialect

The body can symbolically express a person's desires

Unconscious

It is simply the part of a goal that a person does not fully understand

Conscious

Thoughts help in achieving success, while unconscious thoughts may not be as clear

Conscious

Once we understand an unconscious motive, it becomes

Social Interest

It is the foundation of psychological health and represents a sense of belonging and cooperation with humanity

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

What is the German word of Social Interest?

Social Interest

What is Gemeinschaftsgefühl

Social Interest

It means feeling connected to all of humanity and striving for the well-being of others, not just personal success

Social Interest

It is the glue that holds society together and is necessary for human survival.

personal superiority

A person with strong social interest prioritizes community growth over _______________

Social Interest

It is a potential in everyone but must be nurtured to develop fully. It starts in infancy through the mother-child bond, where the child learns love and cooperation.

Social Interest

It is Adler's measure of psychological health and maturity.

Lifestyle

Refers to a person's unique way of living, which includes their goals, self-view, relationships with others, and overall attitude toward life. It develops early in childhood (by age 4 or 5) and stays consistent, guiding all future actions

Healthy Individuals

They are flexible, open to change, and capable of adjusting their approach while still working toward their main life goal.

Socially Useful Lifestyle

The healthiest individuals contribute to society by facing life's three major challenges—relationships with others (neighborly love), romantic relationships (sexual love), and work (occupation). They tackle these challenges with cooperation, courage, and a desire to help others.

Neighborly Love, Sexual Love, Occupation

Address three major life challenges:

Neighborly Love

Building positive social relationships

Sexual Love

Developing meaningful romantic connections.

Occupation

Contributing to society through work

Ruling Dominant Type

Assertive, controlling, sometimes aggressive. Seeks power over others to compensate for inferiority

Learning Type

Relies on others for support and validation. Passive in overcoming challenges, prone to feelings of inferiority

Avoiding Type

Withdraws from challenges and conflict. Uses procrastination and passivity to maintain self-esteem, limiting growth.

Socially Useful Type

Well-adjusted and psychologically healthy. Approaches challenges with confidence and responsibility. Balances personal goals with social interest, contributing to society.

Creative Power

Each person has the freedom to shape their own style of life

Creative Power

Individuals are responsible for their actions and personal development.

Creative Power

It allows people to control their lives and pursue their goals.

Creative Power

It influences social interest and determines how one strives for success.

Creative Power

It makes each person a free individual

Safeguarding Tendencies

These are conscious behaviors people use to protect their fragile self-esteem and avoid public disgrace.

Safeguarding Tendencies

Unlike Freud's unconscious defense mechanisms, _________________ are mainly found in neurotic individuals who want to maintain an inflated self-image

Excuses, Aggression, Depreciation, Accusation, Self Accusation, Withdrawal, Moving Backward, Hesitating, Constructing Obstacles

What are the Safeguarding Tendencies

Excuses

These are a safeguarding tendency where people justify inaction or failure to protect their fragile self-esteem.

Excuses

The "Yes, but" excuse pretends to agree with an idea but follows with a reason why it can't be done, while the "If only" excuse blames external factors for personal shortcomings

Aggression

As a safeguarding tendency helps individuals protect their fragile self esteem by asserting dominance or blaming others. It can take three forms

Depreciation

It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals undermine others to make themselves appear superior. This is often done through criticism and gossip, such as discrediting someone's success or accusing them of incompetence.

Accusation

It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals blame others for their failures to protect their fragile self-esteem. By shifting responsibility, they avoid accountability and may even seek revenge

Self Accusation

It is an aggressive safeguarding tendency where individuals harm themselves emotionally or physically to manipulate others and maintain a sense of superiority

Withdrawal

It is where individuals avoid challenges to protect their fragile self-esteem. By creating distance they escape difficulties instead of confronting them

Moving Backward

It is a withdrawal strategy where individuals revert to an earlier, more secure stage of life to avoid challenges

Hesitating

It is a withdrawal strategy where people delay decisions or actions to avoid failure. By procrastinating, they eventually have an excuse

Constructing Obstacles

It is a way people protect their self-esteem by creating challenges for themselves. If they succeed, they boost their confidence

Masculine Protest

Unlike Freud, Adler believed men and women have similar psychological experiences and that male dominance is a cultural, not biological, construct.

Masculine Protest

Society encourages men to seek power and women to accept inferiority, leading some women to reject traditional roles.

birth order

Adler emphasized the importance of ___________, sibling gender, and age gaps in personality development.

Family Constellation

The social and psychological structure of the family system; includes birth order, the individual's perception of self, sibling characteristics and ratings, and parental relationships. Each person forms his or her unique view of self, others, and life through the family constellation.

Birth Order Influence

Family Constellation is also known as?

Only Child

Compete with parents rather than siblings, often developing an inflated sense of superiority and low social interest

First Child

Often feel powerful, anxious, and overprotective. Experience "dethronement" when a younger sibling arrives. Their response depends on whether they have a cooperative or self-centered style.

Second Child

Typically more cooperative and socially interested. Tend to be competitive but not overly discouraged unless they experience extreme hostility from the firstborn

Youngest Child

Often pampered, leading to dependence and inferiority feelings. However, they may be highly ambitious and motivated to surpass their siblings

Early Recollections

Adler used early childhood memories to understand a person's style of life. These memories do not cause personality traits but reflect how individuals interpret their experiences

Dreams

They do not predict the future but reveal insights into a person's problems. They often serve as self-deception, disguising true feelings or fears.