Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization 1750-1900

Flashcards covering vocabulary terms related to the consequences of industrialization from 1750-1900. Key topics include rationales for imperialism, state expansion, indigenous responses, global economic development, economic imperialism, causes of migration, effects of migration, and causation in the imperial age.

Imperialism (1750-1900)

Arose from the Industrial Revolution and grew due to culture, nationalism, and economics.

Cultural Superiority

The belief in the superiority of the white race and their culture which contributed to imperialistic advances by European powers.

White Man's Burden

The idea popularized by Rudyard Kipling suggesting that white colonizers had a duty to spread their culture to other nations.

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's survival of the fittest theory to society, justifying strong nations taking over weaker ones.

Religious Imperialism

European Christians spread their religion with missionary zeal and believed empires needed a presence to convert the world.

Nationalism

When a group of people with a strong common identity become loyal to a single state, driving empire building.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict in 1894 where Japan's modern weapons defeated China, leading to Japan establishing Korea as a colony.

Economic Motives for Imperialism

Industrial powers desired raw materials and new markets for their manufactured goods, fueling imperialism.

Imperialism

When a country extends its power and influence into other lands, either by diplomacy or force.

Suez Canal

A canal built in 1869 connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea; later taken by Britain from the Ottomans.

Settler Colony

Land taken by force and populated by immigrants from the mother country.

Berlin Conference

A conference in 1884 where imperial leaders distributed Africa among themselves, creating boundaries that disregarded existing ethnic and cultural lines.

King Leopold II

King of Belgium who claimed Congo as his personal holding and enforced brutal policies, leading to the deaths of over 8 million Congolese.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers recruited by the British East India Company.

Spheres of Influence

Areas in China where western powers had exclusive trading rights.

Meiji Restoration

The restoration that helped Japan to modernize their military to imperialize.

Australia

A colony to which Britain sent convicts, later used for wool production, copper and gold extraction.

Indian Removal Act

An act passed by American Congress in 1830, leading to the systematic removal of American Indians from the east onto reservations in the midwest.

Manifest Destiny

The idea that Americans thought that God gave them all of America and it was their duty to take it.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 where America declared war on Spain and won territory including the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba.

Indigenous Responses

Often followed a surge of nationalism, leading to resistance against the encroachment of imperial powers.

Proclamation of 1763

A proclamation after the French and Indian War that reserved all lands in the Ohio River Valley for the natives.

Cherokee Natives

A native American group that assimilated into American culture before gold was discovered on their land, leading to their removal.

Ghost Dance

A native movement in the northwest that believed their ancestral dead would return and drive the white man out of their lands.

Tupac Amaru II

A hereditary leader named that led an armed rebellion against the Spain.

Colonial governments

Government run by Europeans in Africa leading the Xhosa to not be ruled by them.

Wassoulou Empire

West African empire that resisted French violently in a series of conflicts called Samory Toure’s war.

Balkans

Resulted in fierce nationalism as those countries rose against the ottomans and gained their independence.

Cash Crop Farming

When Europeans replaced subsistence with crops that are grown not to live from but for sale in a distant market.

Guano

Led to a huge export economy in Peru and Chile.

Cotton

British textiles was imported from America but led to the British turning to Egypt and India when production dropped.

Cecil Rhodes

Powerful in South Africa and resulted in the creation of apartheid.

Cash Crop Farming

A large-scale shift that meant that the colonial people often grew cash crops at the expense of other agricultural necessities.

Economic imperialism

A situation in which one country has significant economic power over another country.

Trade Deficit

A situation where China did not spend money on British goods creating a deficit.

Monroe Doctrine

A doctrine in 1823 that said that most of the western hemisphere belonged to the U.S. and European intervention was no longer welcome.

Indentured Servitude

People worked for set number of years in exchange for passage and better opportunity.

Kangani

Systems in Ceylon and Malaya where family members recruited other extended family to work in another country.

Colonial Service

Government officials or British army soldiers that left to colonize and stay in Canada, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

Ethnic Enclaves

clusters or neighborhoods of people from same foreign country formed across globe.

Kangani system

System where migrants took labor jobs by connecting to relatives.

Chinese Exclusion act of 1882

No incoming Chinese immigrants except for those with family connections.

Imperialism

Country policy to take over lands using diplomacy or force.

Colonialism

The physical act of setting up colonies or territories in another country.