(ATR) Chapter 12: Skin--Vocab.

actinic keratosis

a precancerous skin lesion that occurs on sun-damaged skin

alopecia

the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp; also known as baldness

albinism

a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises due to a missing enzyme necessary for the production of melanin

blepharoplasty

surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin; also known as a lid lift

carbuncle

a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

bulla

a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

capillary hemangioma

a soft, raised, pork or red vascular birthmark

cellulitis

an acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues

chloasma

a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face; also known as melasma or the mask of pregnancy

cicatrix

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

comedo

a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle; also known as blackhead

debridement

the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing

diaphoresis

profuse, but not necessarily excessive, sweating

dysplastic nevi

atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

ecchymosis

a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

erythroderma

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

eczema

a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis characterized by redness, itching, and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding

erythema

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

exanthem

refers to a widespread rash, usually in children

exfoliative dermatitis

a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss

folliculitis

inflammation of the hair follicles that is especially common of the limbs and in the beard area on men

furuncles

large, tender, swollen areas by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands; also known as boils

hirsutism

excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

ichthyosis

a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin

granuloma

a small knotlike swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

hematoma

a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

impetigo

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

koilonychia

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon; also known as spoon nail

lipedema

a chronic abnormal condition, usually in women, that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

keratosis

any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

keloid

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

macule

a discolored, flat spot, such as a freckle, that is less than 1 cm in diameter

malignant melanoma

a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

lipoma

a benign; slow-growing fatty tumor located betweeen the skin and the muscle layer

onychocryptosis

ingrown toenail in which the edges of a toenail curve inward and cut into the skin

onychomycosis

a fungal infection of the nail

necrotizing fasciitis

a severe infection caused by group A strepbacteria that enters the body through a wound. If untreated, the infection body tissue can be destroyed and the illness may be fatal; also known as flesh-eating bacteria

papilloma

a benign, superficial, wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

papule

a small, raised, red lesion, such as an insect bite, that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter

pediculosis

an infestation with lice

paronychia

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

petechiae

small pinpoint hemorrhage less than 2 mm in diameter

pruritus

itching associated with most forms of dermatitis

psoriasis

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knee, scalp, back, or buttocks

purpura

the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

purulent

producing or containing pus

rhytidectomy

the surgical removal of excessive skin and fat from the face for the elimination of wrinkles; also known as facelift

rosacea

a chronic condition of unknown cause, characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels

scabies

a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites that cause small, itchy bumps and blisters by burrowing into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs

seborrhea

overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

scleroderma

an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened

squamous cell carcinoma

a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems

systemic lupus erythematosus

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. This condition also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints

urticaria

itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction; also known as hives

tinea

a fungal infection of the skin, hair or nails; also known as ringworm

verrucae

small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; also known as warts; singular, verruca

wheal

a small bump that itches and can appear as a symptom of an allergic reaction; a welt

vitiligo

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes and causing irregular patches of white skin

xeroderma

excessively dry skin; also known as xerosis