Studied by 45 peopleGender
Psychological characteristics
Sex
Biological predisposition, genetics
Sex Chromosomes
XX- female XY- male
Primary Sex Chromosomes
Organs that are responsible for sexual reproduction
Secondary Sex Chromosomes
Visible traits that society often uses to determine a person's biological sex. Typically appears at puberty.
Intersex
A person who has both parts
Menarche
Term typically used to explain that a woman has started her menstruation.
Sexual Orientation
The degree of emotion and sexual attraction to a specific sexual category
Asexual
Having no sexual attraction to others
Transgender
Birth sex is not how they view themselves
Sexual Scripts
Stereotype that men should propose not the other way around.
Quid Pro Quo
Sexual harassment where workers are "rewarded" for sexual behaviors at work Ex) professor asks student on a date for a better grade
Refactory Period
Men have to wait after sex while women don't
Rape Myths
A statement that places the blame on the survivor or minimizes how serious rape is.
Biological Determinism
The idea that males and females are born different. This argument states our biology makes men and women different.
Differential Socialization
The argument that men and women are taught to act differently
Personality
An individual's unique long-term pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Introverts
A shy, reticent person
Extrovert
An outgoing, overtly expressive person
Self-Esteem
How much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
Cardinal Traits
Traits around which a person organizes his or her life Ex) Abraham Lincoln and honesty
Factor Analysis
Statistical procedure that lumps multiple questions together that fit together in one simple dimension.
Five-Factor Model
Reducing all character traits down to five major characteristics
Agreeableness
People that are friendly, nurturing, and caring
Conscientious
These people are highly motivated, disciplined, and responsible
Neuroticism
People that rank high on this dimension tend to have antisocial characteristics
Openness to Exleriences
People like to try new ideas
Self-Disclosure
Voluntary sharing of information about the self that another person is not likely to know. Can effect how others view you
Narcissism
Selfishness, involving a sense of entitlement, a lack of empathy
Peer Nominations
the most common measurement in childhood social experiments. Ex) "Who is the meanest person in your class"
Health Psychology
A "reorientation" towards the positive aspect of the human lifespan.
Behavioral Medicine
The focus is to guide the patients to a healthier lifestyle
Lifestyle Diseases
Diseases that occur to personal habits that cause health problems. Ex) heart disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, lung cancer, obisity
Two most common behaviors related to lifestyle diseases in the U.S.
Smoking and overweight
Refusal Skills Training
Program that teaches youths how to say "no" under specific circumstances
Life Skills Training
Teaching how to deal effectively with the demands of everyday life
Stress
An evolved adaptation that allows us to respond to changes in our environment.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
How the body automatically responds to long-term stress. Consists of three stages
First Stage of GAS
Alarm reaction
Second Stage of GAS
Resistance stage
Third Stage of GAS
Exhaustion stage
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychology + Neuroscience + Immunology. The study of how the brain responds to stress by influencing the immune system
Caregiver's Burden
Research shows that family members caring for Alzheimer's patients sometimes die before the person with Alzheimer's!
Emotion-Focused Coping
Trying to deal with stress by controlling our emotions related to the stress.
Problem-Focused Coping
Deals with attempting to remove the source of stress
Fight-or-Flight
Biological response to stress where us unconsciously determine if we should fight or run.
Tend-and-Befriend
Preventative approach to danger where you take care of your children/friends and increasing your social network for protection.
Traumatic Stress
Stress that occurs due to extreme situations Ex) war, abuse, wrecks
Comorbidity
The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
Rumination
This is the lack of activity and focus on negative thoughts, behaviors, and memories
Requirement to Diagnose a Depressive Episode
Sadness, frustration, hopelessness, disturbance of sleep, appetite change, problems focusing, lack of energy
Are masculine or feminine people more likely to report depression? Why?
Girls are twice as likely to report depressive symptoms.
Protection Effect
An argument that marriage tends to improve physical health
Protection Statment
Marriage provides emotional and financial support which helps improve health
Selection Effect
An argument that marriage does not actually improve health
Selection Statment
Healthy people marry other health people
Note
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