Care of Older Adults Prelim Exam Reviewer

Flashcards covering key definitions, nursing roles, standards, aging theories, nursing frameworks, and Philippine laws for gerontological nursing.

What is demography defined as in the context of gerontological nursing?

Demography is the study of populations.

According to global demographic trends, the world population is transitioning to a state where individuals of what age group outnumber children younger than 5 years?

Individuals aged 60 and older.

What is the exact definition of gerontology?

The scientific study of aging, including physical, mental, and social changes.

How is geriatrics defined in contrast to gerontology?

Geriatrics is the branch of medicine specifically treating older adults' health conditions.

What is the primary focus of gerontological nursing?

Total or holistic care of older adults, focusing on overall quality of life, health promotion, and preventing disability.

What are the key concepts associated with the gerontological nurse's role as an advocate?

Protecting the rights, dignity, and autonomy of older adults.

What is the correct six-step sequence of the Standards of Gerontological Nursing Practice?

1. Assessment, 2. Diagnosis, 3. Outcomes Identification, 4. Planning, 5. Implementation, 6. Evaluation.

What is the main premise of non-stochastic theories of aging?

Aging follows a genetically programmed process where the body is biologically programmed to age and eventually die.

What is the main premise of stochastic theories of aging?

Aging results from the accumulation of random damage to cells and tissues over time due to internal and external factors.

Who proposed the Disengagement Theory in 1961 and what does it propose?

Proposed by Elaine Cumming and William Henry; it posits that aging involves a gradual withdrawal of older adults from social roles and relationships.

What does the Activity Theory suggest regarding successful aging?

Successful aging occurs when older adults stay active and maintain social interactions, replacing lost roles with new activities.

Who developed Continuity Theory and what is its primary assertion?

Developed by Robert Atchley; it asserts that people maintain the same habits, values, relationships, and lifestyles throughout life.

How does Modernization Theory explain the changing social status of older adults?

As societies become industrialized, technological change and urbanization reduce dependence on elders' knowledge and experience, causing their status to decline.

According to Exchange Theory, why might older adults lose social power?

Social interactions are based on costs and rewards, and older adults may lose power when they possess fewer resources valued by society.

What developmental stage conflict do individuals face in late adulthood according to Erikson's Psychosocial Theory?

Ego Integrity vs. Despair.

What are the three major psychological tasks in old age according to Peck's Theory of Psychological Development?

1. Ego differentiation vs. work-role preoccupation, 2. Body transcendence vs. body preoccupation, 3. Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation.

What is the key focus of Carl Jung's Theory of Individualization regarding older adulthood?

Older adulthood is a time for self-reflection and personal growth where individuals seek balance between personality aspects to achieve self-realization.

Who proposed the Life Review Theory and what process does it describe?

Proposed by Robert Butler; it describes how older adults naturally review and evaluate past experiences to achieve acceptance and psychological well-being.

Who developed the Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Theory and what do its three components represent?

Developed by Paul Baltes and colleagues; Selection = focusing on important goals, Optimization = maximizing abilities/resources, Compensation = adapting to losses through alternative strategies.

Who developed Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and what is its main finding?

Developed by Laura Carstensen; as people perceive time as limited, they prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships and experiences.

How is Virginia Henderson's Need Theory applied to older adult care?

Assisting older adults with activities of daily living (ADLs) like bathing, dressing, and eating, while promoting maximum independence.

What is the main focus of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory?

Nursing care is needed when individuals cannot meet their own self-care needs.

What is the primary application of Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model in elder care?

Helping older adults adapt to chronic illness, disability, and retirement across physical, psychological, and social dimensions.

What is the central concept of Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings?

Viewing people as whole beings interacting continuously with their environment.

What is the main focus of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in nursing practice?

Building trust and compassionate, caring relationships between nurses and patients while respecting dignity, beliefs, and preferences.

How does Betty Neuman's Systems Model view the patient in gerontological nursing?

Views the patient as an open system affected by internal and external stressors, requiring preventive interventions to reduce stress and maintain stability.

In what year was Republic Act No. 7432 enacted and what core benefits did it introduce?

Enacted in 1992; granted a 20% discount on qualified services/medicines, VAT exemption, priority lanes, and basic privileges for senior citizens.

What is the official title and year of enactment of Republic Act No. 9994?

Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.

What main purpose does Republic Act No. 10645 (2014) serve for senior citizens in the Philippines?

Provides mandatory national health insurance coverage for all senior citizens through PhilHealth.

What primary government agency was established by Republic Act No. 11350 in 2019?

The National Commission of Senior Citizens (NCSC).