Art History: Early Renaissance to Realism Practice Flashcards

This set of flashcards covers vocabulary and key figures from the Early Renaissance, High Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism movements based on lecture notes.

Humanism

A focus on human potential, achievement, and individualism that was a key concept of the Early Renaissance.

Johannes Gutenberg

The individual who developed the printing press in c. $1440$, which made books cheaper and helped spread ideas.

Linear Perspective

A mathematical system for creating depth developed by Brunelleschi.

Donatello

An Early Renaissance artist ($1386$-$1466$) who created the first free-standing nude sculpture since Ancient Rome.

Masaccio

An artist ($1401$-$1428$) who mastered linear perspective and used realistic light and shadow in works such as The Holy Trinity and Tribute Money.

Jan van Eyck

A Northern Renaissance artist who perfected oil painting and produced works with incredible detail, including the Arnolfini Portrait.

Albrecht Dürer

A Northern Renaissance artist known for printmaking and engraving who combined Northern detail with Italian Renaissance ideas.

Hieronymus Bosch

An artist known for fantastical imagery and moral and religious warnings in works like the Garden of Earthly Delights.

Chiaroscuro

A technique characterized by strong contrast between light and dark.

Sfumato

A technique involving the smoky blending of edges, famously contributed by Leonardo da Vinci.

Sofonisba Anguissola

An important female Renaissance artist and portrait specialist who created works like The Chess Game.

Mannerism

An artistic style summarized by the slogan "Deliberate Disorder and Distortion," featuring elongated bodies and unnatural poses.

Martin Luther

The figure who started the Reformation in $1517$, a religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church.

Trompe l'oeil

An art technique used to create a "fool the eye" illusion.

Vanitas

A type of Dutch Baroque still life containing objects like skulls and clocks to serve as a reminder that life is temporary and mortality is inevitable.

Artemisia Gentileschi

A Baroque artist known for strong female subjects, as seen in the work Judith Slaying Holofernes.

Bernini

A Baroque artist who made significant contributions to movement in sculpture with works like David and Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

Rembrandt

A Dutch Baroque artist known for psychological depth in works like Night Watch and his series of self-portraits.

Vermeer

A master of light who painted quiet domestic scenes such as the Milkmaid and Girl with a Pearl Earring.

Diego Velázquez

A Baroque Spain artist known for realistic portraiture, notably Las Meninas.

Rococo

An artistic style characterized by pastel colours, playfulness, and luxurious or romantic themes.

Salons

Official French art exhibitions.

Prix de Rome

A scholarship that allowed artists to study in Rome.

Neoclassicism

An artistic movement inspired by classical antiquity that focused on order, logic, heroism, and clean lines.

Romanticism

A movement that emphasized emotion, imagination, the power of nature, and individual freedom.

Realism

An artistic movement focusing on ordinary people and everyday life with no idealization, highlighting social issues and accurate observation.

Courbet

The founder of Realism whose key works include Stone Breakers and Burial at Ornans.