Canvas Cardiac Anatomy

List the different borders of the heart?

1. Superior: RA & LA

2. Inferior (Diaphragm): Mostly RV & little LV

3. Right: RA

4. Left: LV & little LA

5. Anterior: Mostly RV & little LA & LV

6. Posterior: LA & LV

What is the pericardium and its layers?

Sac that houses heart and roots

Parietal and Visceral

How much serous fluid is usually in pericardium?

10-20 mL

Cardiac Skeleton (the 4 different sulcus)

1. IV sulcus - separates RV from LV

2. AV sulcus - separates LA from LV

3. Coronary sulcus - separates RA from RV

4. Sulcus terminalis - separates anterior and posterior RA

5. Crux - posterior heart where 4 chambers come together

What is the epicardium?

Outermost (visceral) layer of pericardium

Composed of epithelial cells

What is the myocardium?

Middle layer; involuntary muscle fibers

What is the endocardium?

Inner later; covers valves and tendons; simple squamous epithelial cells

What are the two portion of the right atrium?

Posterior smooth and Trabeculated anterior

What separates the right atrium portions internally and externally?

Internally: Crista terminalis

Externally: Sulcus terminalis

What is a Eustachian Valve?

Functional valve in fetus, in right atrium near IVC; best visualized in Right ventricular inflow view

What is a Chiari network?

Fine mobile fibers within right atrium that originates near entrance of IVC

What is the right ventricular inflow tract?

TV and apparatus

What is the RVOT and it’s alternate name?

Infundibulum

Below pulmonic valve and is smooth walled

What is the Moderator Band?

Tissue from anterior free wall of right ventricle to IVS

Quick path for conduction system to reach ventricular wall

Left Atrium two portions?

Anterior - thicker; atrial appendage; store blood

Posterior - smooth; where pulmonary veins enter

Left Ventricle?

75% of cardiac mass (main pumping chamber)

What is the Left ventricular inflow tract?

Mitral valve and apparatus

What is Left ventricular outflow tract?

Just below aortic valve

What are the LV wall segments

What are the three regions where defects occurs in the interatrial septum?

• Sinus Venosus - junction of VCs with atrium

• Septum secundum - mid portion

• Septum Primum - at endocardial cushion level (AV valves)

What is an interatrial septal aneurysm?

bulge in septum that moves to and fro with respiration

interventricular septum two regions?

Membranous portion - btw outflow tracts; THIN

Muscular portion - membranous portion to apex

What are the two AV valves?

Mitral and Tricuspid

What do the AV valves do during dia

What is the Mitral Valve?

Between LA and LV

Bicuspid (anterior and posterior leaflet)

What is the Tricuspid valve?

Between RA and RV

Three leaflets (anterior, posterior, septal (medial)

What are papillary muscles?

Muscular columns attached to inside of ventricular walls

How many papillary muscles are attached to the valves?

Mitral: 2

Tricuspid: 3

What are Chordae Tendineae?

Fibrous strands connect papillary muscles to each leaflet