Chapter 24 - New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania (#1)

K. Applegate - Imported from Quizlet

Doña Marina was who?

A Mexican woman who aided Cortés in his conquest of the Aztecs

What was the most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas?

Devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases

The term "mestizo" refers to what?

An individual of indigenous and European parentage.

The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were who?

Taíno

What was Christopher Columbus's first plan when finding the new world?

Build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population

The "encomenderos" were what?

Spanish settlers

What was the population of the Caribbean in the 1540's?

A few thousand

Hernán Cortés was responsible for the conquest of who?

The Aztecs

Who was the last emperor of the Aztec empire?

Motecuzoma II

The conquistador who conquered the Incas was who?

Pizarro

Who was the last emperor of the Incas?

Atahualpa

What happened to the Conquistadors?

They eventually lost control and were replaced with formal rule by the Spanish crown

The two centers of Spanish royalty authority in the Americas were where?

Lima and Mexico City

The chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas were called what?

The viceroys

The power of the Viceroys was checked by reviews conducted by who?

Audiencias

The Treaty of Tordesillas did what?

Spilt central and South Americas between Spain and Portugal

The Portuguese began to show more interest in Brazil after what happened?

The establishment of profitable sugar plantations

The English, Dutch, and French were what?

More interested in setting up permanent colonies than the Spanish were?

Which of the following was originally a Dutch colony?
-Plymouth
-Jamestown
-Port Royal
-New York
-Quebec

New York

What happened to the English colony of Jamestown?

It was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation

What is a NOT a similar approach to colonization between the Spanish and that of the English and French?

The English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals.

What is NOT true of the Natives that the English and French came in contact with?

The natives guarded their claims to private ownership of the land even more jealously than the Europeans

What were Spanish migrants born in Europe known as?

Peninsulares

The "métis" we're what?

Individuals of French and indigenous parentage.

What was the population of natives in 1800?

Six hundred thousand

What was the greatest attraction of the Americas to the Spanish?

Precious metals

What was the most prominent site of agriculture in Spanish America in the early 17th century.

Hacienda

What did the Portuguese do to provide labor for their sugar plantations?

Relied on imported African slaves as laborers

In North America, what did Europeans initially find as a profitable commodity when bartered?

Furs

What did plantations create a high demand for?

Cheap labor

What was the first plentiful labor force for North America?

Indentured servants

What is the Virgin of Guadalupe a national symbol for?

Mexico

Who made the first recorded European sighting of Australia?

The Dutch

Which country established the first permanent settlement in Australia?

England

What did the British originally use Australia as?

A penal colony

In the 1670's and 1680's, the Spanish were interested in consolidating control in which area because it lay directly on route from Acapulco to Manila?

Guam