Eukaryotic Cells

Draw and label the cross section of an animal cell

Draw and label the cross section of a plant cell

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Nuclear Envelope- double membrane

Nuclear Pores

Nucleoplasm- granular, jelly-like material

Chromosomes- protein-bound, linear DNA

Nucleolus- smaller sphere inside which is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes

Describe the function of the nucleus

Site of DNA replication and transcription (making mRNA)

Contains the genetic code for each cell

Draw and label the cross section of the nucleus

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum

Rough and smooth ER both have folded membranes called cisternae

Rough have ribosomes on the cisternae

Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

RER- protein synthesis

SER- Synthesis and store lipids and carbohydrates

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles

Folded membranes making cisternae

Secretary vesicles pinch off from the cisternae

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles

Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins

Produce secretory enzymes

Secrete carbohydrates

Transport, modify and store lipids

Form lysosomes

Finished products are transported to cell surface in Golgi vesicles where they fuse with the membrane and the contents are released

Describe the structure of lysosomes

Bags of digestive enzymes

Describe the function of lysosomes

Hydrolyse phagocytic cells

Completely break down dead cells (autolysis)

Exocytosis- release enzymes to outside of cell to destroy material

Digest worn out organelles for reuse of materials

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

Double membrane

Inner membrane called the cristae

Fluid centre called the mitochondrial matrix

Loop of mitochondria DNA

Describe the function of the mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration

Site of ATP production and

DNA to code for enzymes needed in respiration

Describe the structure of ribosomes

Small, made up of two sub-units of protein and rRNA

80S- large ribosome found in eukaryotic cells

70S- smaller ribosome found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts

Describe the function of ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Describe the structure of the vacuole

Filled with fluid surrounded by a single member called a tonoplast

Describe the function of the vacuole

Make cells turgid and therefore provide support

Temporary store of sugars and amino acids

The pigments may colour petals to attract pollinators

Draw and label the vacuole

Describe the structure of the chloroplast

Surrounded by a double membrane

Contains thylakoids (folded membranes embedded with pigment)

Fluid filled storms contains enzymes for photosynthesis

Found in plants

Describe the function of the chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Describe the function of the cell wall

In plant and fungi cells

Plants- made of microfibrils of the cellulose polymer

Fungi - made of chitin, a nitrogen- containing polysaccharide

Describe the function of the cell wall

Provides structural strength to the cell

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane

Found in all cells

Phospholipid bilayer- molecules embed within and attached on the outside (proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol)

Describe the function of the plasma membrane

Controls the entrance and exit of molecules