Chapter 15: Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation

Flashcards covering vocabulary from the lecture notes on blood vessels and blood circulation.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart, typically oxygen-poor.

Arterioles

Small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart, typically oxygen-poor.

Arterioles

Small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries.

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels where the exchange of gases and nutrients occurs.

Venules

Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries.

Veins

Carry blood back to the heart, typically oxygen-rich.

Pulmonary Circuit

Transports blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation, includes the pulmonary artery and its branches, capillaries in the lungs and pulmonary veins.

Systemic Circuit

Supplies oxygen-rich blood to the body; includes the aorta, systemic capillaries, and systemic veins.

Pulmonary Veins

Pick up oxygen from the lungs.

Systemic Arteries

Distribute oxygenated blood to the body.

Capillaries

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Inner (Endothelium)

Innermost tunic; a smooth lining to reduce friction.

Middle (Smooth Muscle)

Middle tunic; smooth muscle, thicker in arteries, controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Outer (Connective Tissue)

Outer tunic; connective tissue that provides support and protection.

Capillary Walls

Consist of a single cell layer to facilitate diffusion.

Veins and Valves

Prevent the backflow of blood.

Aorta

Largest artery that receives blood from the left ventricle.

Ascending Aorta

Left and right coronary arteries.

Aortic Arc

Brachiocephalic artery, right subclavian artery, and right common carotid artery.

Thoracic Aorta

Branches supply the chest wall, esophagus, and bronchi.

Celiac Trunk

Left gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries.

Perlateral Branches

Phrenic, suprarenal, renal, ovarian, testicular, and lumbar arteries.

Iliac Arteries and their subdivisions

Internal iliac arteries, external iliac arteries, femoral artery, patellar artery, tibial arteries, dorsalis pedis arteries.

Anastomosis

Connection between vessels.

Circle of Willis

Brain.

Superficial Palmer Arch

Hand.

Mesenteric Arcs

Intestines.

Arterial Arcs

Foot.

Superficial Veins

Cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and saphenous veins.

Deep Veins

Femoral, iliac, brachial, axillary, subclavian, and jugular veins.

Superior Vena Cava

Drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Azygos Veins

Drains the chest walls.

Inferior Vena Cava

Collects blood from the lower body.

Drains blood from the heart muscle.

Coronary Sinus

Cranial Venous Sinuses

Drains blood from the brain into the jugular veins.

Hepatic Portal System

Carries blood from abdominal organs to the liver via the hepatic portal veins.

Hepatic Portal System Components

Includes superior mesenteric, splenic, gastric, pancreatic, and inferior mesenteric veins.

Diffusion

Main process of material exchange.

Blood Pressure

Moves materials into tissue fluid.

Osmotic Pressure

Moves materials back into capillaries.

Vasomotor Center in Medulla

Controls vasodilation and vasoconstriction.

Precapillary Sphincters

Regulate blood flow into capillaries.

Return of Blood to the Heart

Skeletal muscle contraction, valves prevent backflow, and breathing aids venous return.

Pulse

Created by ventricle contraction affected by body size, age, activity, emotions, temperature, and hormones.

Blood Pressure

Force exerted by blood against vessel walls.

Systolic Pressure

Occurs during heart contraction; normal is 120.

Diastolic Pressure

Occurs during heart relaxation; normal is 80.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, stage one 140/90 diet and exercise is recommended and stage two 160/100 medications are required.

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of arteries; atherosclerosis is plaque buildup.

Aneurysm

Bulging sacs in blood vessel walls that can rupture.

Hemorrhage

Excessive blood loss; apply pressure and elevate extremity.

Treatments of Blood Vessel Disorders

Balloon catheterization, bypass grafts, stents, endarterectomy.

Embolism

Blood clot that breaks loose and travels.

Varicose Veins

Swelling in disordered veins due to valve failure; example: saphenous veins, hemorrhoids.