Treatments of Mental Disorders (Unit 5: Mental and Physical Health) - AP Psychology

ethics of therapy from the APA

nonmaleficience, fidelity, integrity, respect

nonmaleficience

do not harm

fidelity

uphold high standards for you and other therapists

integrity

do not receive, misrepresent; be honest about your abilities

respect

show regard and understand people’s rights

deinstitutionalization

release of large amount of people from asylums due to better medications

decentralized approach

combination of medicine and therapy, minimal hospitalization

psychodynamic perspective

trying to uncover the unconscious

free association

say aloud anything that comes to mind unprompted

dream interpretation

analyze hidden meaning in dreams

biological perspective for treatments

treatment with medicine and psychosurgery

anti-psychotics

decrease dopamine

side effects of anti-psychotics

tardive dyskinesia: hand tremors (due to lack of dopamine); treats schizophrenia

anti-depressants

increase serotonin and/or norepinephrine through reuptake inhibition

anti-anxiety drugs

increase GABA

lithium

“mood stabilizer” for bipolar disorders

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

send electricity to induce minor seizures; used (rarely) to treat depression (when nothing else works); thought to “reboot” the brain

psychosurgery (frontal lobotomy)

frontal lobe is surgically destroyed; used to treat depression or violent indivudals—almost never used anymore

transcranial magnetic stimulation

targeted magnetic fields to stimulate brain activity (treats depression, safer form of ECT)

humanisitc perspective for treatments

focus on person

person-centered therapy

encourage client to discover own solutions and understand self

active listening

thoughtfully engaging with clients emotions and message (shows interest, asks questions, restates)

unconditional positive regard

accepetance of faults

cognitive perspective

fixes negative thinking

cognitive triad

negative views about self (I’m defective), negative view about world (it’s curle), and negative view about future (hopeless)

how do we fix cognitive triad?

cognitive restructuring

cognitive restructuring

learn to identity disordered thinking and change it

behavioral perspective

applied behavioral analysis—applies classical/operant conditioning to fix behaviors

systematic desensitization

associate a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli (create a desensitization hierarchy—ex. list of things about flying that makes you nervous, step through each one until you can do it)

aversive conditioning

associate an unpleasant experience (ex. nausea) with an unwanted behavior (ex. drinking alcohol)

biofeedback

receive feedback on heart rate, blood pressure, learning to control it to help with anxiety and depression

token economies

use behavior modification (reward good behaviors with token reinforcers to be exchanged)

combined perspectives—cognitive behavioral therapy

dialectical behavior therapy

dialectical behavior therapy

talk therapy, adapted for intense emotions, help people understand how thoughts affect emotions and behaviors—originally for personality disorders, adapted for depression/anxiety

rational-emotive therapy

identify unhealthy thought/behavior patterns and replace with new

group therapy

therapy with a group—gives diverse perspectives, supportive environment with like people—lacks individual care

hypnosis

used for pain control and anxiety—does not retrieve memories or cause regression