Dental Anatomy and Morphology

Homodont

having only one tooth form (ex. sharks)

Heterodont

having multiple tooth forms (ex. humans)

Diphyodont

Having two separate sets of teeth (2 dentitions)

Monophyodont

Having only one dentition

Polyphyodont

Having more than two dentitions

Dentulous/Dentate

having teeth

Edentulous

having no teeth

Partially Edentulous

missing some teeth

Maxilla

upper jaw

mandible

lower jaw

Anterior teeth

incisors and canines

Functions of anterior teeth

esthetics - smiling

phonetics - speaking

incising - biting

Posterior teeth

premolars and molars

Functions of posterior teeth

limited esthetics - broad smile

mastication (tearing, holding, grinding)

Functions of incisors

biting, incising, shearing, cutting

Functions of canines

cutting, piercing, tearing, holding

Functions of premolars

tearing, holding, grinding

Functions of molars

grinding

Primary dentition

deciduous

Permanent dentition

secondary dentition

how many deciduous teeth are there?

20

how many permanent teeth are there?

32

Primary dentition lasts from ______ to ______

6 months old to 6 years old

Mixed dentition lasts from ______ to ______

6 years old to 12-13 years old

Permanent dentition begins at

12 years old

Labial surface

tooth surface facing the lips

Facial surface

same as labial surface

buccal surface

Tooth surface closest to the inner cheek

lingual surface

surface of the tooth that faces the tongue

mesial surface

Surface of the tooth toward the midline

distal surface

Surface of tooth distant from the midline

occlusal surface

Chewing surface of posterior teeth

Incisors

7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 24, 25, 26

Canines

6, 11, 22, 27

Premolars

4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21, 28, 29

Molars

1, 2, 3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31, 32

6 year old molars

3, 14, 19, 30

12 year old molars

2, 15, 19, 31

3rd molars (wisdom teeth)

1, 16, 17, 32

UL means

Upper Left (2nd Quadrant)

UR means

Upper Right (1st Quadrant)

LR means

Lower Right (4th Quadrant)

LL means

Lower Left (3rd Quadrant)

Enamel

surrounds the dentin of the anatomical crown

anatomical crown

Portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel

clinical crown

portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth

anatomical root

portion of the tooth covered with cementum

clinical root

portion of the tooth not visible in the mouth

dentin

hard tissue that makes up the majority of the tooth; surrounds pulp cavity; is covered by enamel and cementum

cementum

layer of hard tissue that covers the dentin of the anatomic root

pulp

living soft tissue which is within the pulp cavity; contains nutrients and nerve supply

periodontal ligament

attaches tooth to jaw

dentinoenamel junction

Line marking the junction of the dentin and the enamel.

cementoenamel junction

The location where the enamel, which covers the crown of a tooth, and the cementum, which covers the root of a tooth, meet.

Alveolar process

Portion of the maxillary bones that form the support for teeth of the maxillary arch

Root Apex

tip of the root

Cementodentinal junction

inner surface of cementum where cementum joins dentin

Cervical Line

where the anatomical crown and root join (CEJ)

Diastema

A space between two teeth

Six sextants of teeth

Anterior (maxillary and mandibular)

Posterior (left and right; maxillary and mandibular)

Upper left permanent first molar

14

lower left central incisor

24

Palmer Notation

System to identify teeth that uses quadrant symbol and number indicating position from midline

FDI Notation

1) First digit denotes quadrant (1, 2, 3 , 4) for permanent dentitions (5, 6, 7, 8) for deciduous dentitions

2) Second digit denotes tooth number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (for deciduous) + 6, 7, 8 for permanent dentition, 37 pronounced "three-seven"

Primary Dentition Naming

20 teeth named A-T

Each quadrant of primary dentition is made up of

2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars

dental formula for the deciduous dentition

I 2/2 + C 1/1 + M 2/2

Mid-Root Axis Line (Long Axis)

imaginary line through the center of the tooth root

Axial surface

any surface of a tooth that is parallel to the long axis of the tooth (B, L, M, D)

Proximal surfaces

mesial and distal

Mesiodistal

axis running from mesial to distal

Line Angle

When two surfaces of a tooth meet

Mesiofacial Line Angle

angle created where the mesial and facial surfaces meet

Mesio-occlusal line angle

angle created where the mesial and occlusal surfaces meet

point angle

Angle formed by the junction of three surfaces

mesiobuccal-occlusal point angle

Where the Mesial meets the buccal and the occlusal

Pulpal

Surface of the cavity preparation perpendicular to the pulp of a tooth

Cusps

pointed or rounded mounds on the crown of the tooth

Cingulum

Raised, rounded area on the cervical third of the lingual surface

Mamelons

three bulges on the incisal edge of a newly erupted central incisor

Marginal ridges

Elevated areas of enamel that form the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface on the anterior teeth and the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth

Triangular ridges

cusp ridges that descend from the cusp tips toward the central part of the occlusal table

Oblique ridges

Elevated prominences on the occlusal surfaces of a maxillary molar extending obliquely from the tips of the mesiolingual cusp to the distobuccal cusp

Cusp ridges

Ridge that descends from each cusp tip on the posterior teeth

canines have ____ cusp(s)

1

Premolars have ___ cusp(s)

2 or 3

Molars have ___ cusp(s)

4 or 5

tranverse ridge

goes across the tooth

buccal triangular ridge plus lingual triangular ridge

a cusp has ___ ridges

4

mesial cusp ridge

extends from cusp tip toward mesial surface

distal cusp ridge

extends from cusp tip toward distal surface

facial cusp ridge

extends from cusp tip toward facial surface (facial cusps only)

lingual cusp ridge

extends from cusp tip toward lingual surface (lingual cusps only)

can be triangular in posterior teeth

occlusal table

part of occlusal surface of posteriors bordered by marginal ridges

tubercle

projections of the crowns of teeth

may be rounded or pointed

variable in size and shape

perikymata

small grooves noted on some teeth

cervical ridge

the bulge in the gingival third of the facial surface of an anatomic crown

Fossa

shallow depression

Developmental groove

Groove formed by the uniting of lobes during development of the crown of the tooth

Pit

pin point depression on occlusal surface

sometimes located apical to fossa in anterior teeth