[MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] Cationic Surfactants and Preservatives

c. Cationic surfactants

MOA: Involving surface active property: absorption into the cell wall leading to distortion of the cell (lysis).

a. Anionic surfactants
b. Nonionic surfactants
c. Cationic surfactants
d. Amphoteric surfactants

b. Cationic surfactants

Quaternary ammonium compounds that ionize in water and exhibit surface active properties.

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

Have a polar head group and non-polar hydrocarbon chain that form micelles at the correct concentration (CMC).

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

b. Cationic surfactants

Inactivated by soaps and other anionic detergents

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

d. Soaps and other anionic detergents

Cationic surfactants are inactivated by _____ and _____

a. Cationic
b. Nonionic
c. Amphoteric
d. Soaps and other anionic detergents

b. Cationic surfactants

Adsorbed on glass, talc, and kaolin to reduce action

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

c. Reduces

Cationic surfactants are adsorbed on glass, talc, and kaolin, which _____ their action.

a. Increases
b. Enhances
c. Reduces
d. Potentiates

b. Reduce

Tissue constituents, blood, serum, and pus tend to _____ the effectiveness of cationic surfactants.

a. Increase
b. Reduce
c. Potentiate
d. Have no effect on

b. Cationic surfactants

Solutions of ______surfactant are intended for disinfecting surgical instruments, gloves, etc.

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

b. Cationic surfactants

______ surfactants should NEVER be reused because they can Harbor pathogens

a. Soaps
b. Cationic surfactants
c. Anionic detergents
d. Nonionic emulsifiers

c. Benzalkonium chloride

New generic name of Merthiolate® and Zephiran®.

a. Benzethonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Benzalkonium chloride
d. Chlorhexidine gluconate

b. Benzalkonium chloride

Used as a detergent, emulsifier, wetting agent, antiseptic, and preservative (with sodium nitrate).

a. Phenol
b. Benzalkonium chloride
c. Formaldehyde
d. Hydrogen peroxide

b. Benzalkonium chloride

Used with parabens as a preservative.

a. Thimerosal
b. Benzalkonium chloride
c. Chlorocresol
d. Methylparaben

d. Benzalkonium chloride

Germicidal surfactant that is rendered inactive in the presence of soaps.

a. Cetylpyridinium chloride
b. Chlorhexidine
c. Benzethonium chloride
d. Benzalkonium chloride

b. Soaps

Benzalkonium chloride is a germicidal surfactant that is rendered inactive in the presence of ______

a. Alcohols
b. Soaps
c. Parabens
d. Sodium nitrate

c. Methylbenzethonium chloride

Diaparene®

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Methylbenzethonium chloride
d. Chlorhexidine gluconate

c. Methylbenzethonium chloride

Used for diaper rash

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Methylbenzethonium chloride
d. Chlorhexidine gluconate

c. Cetylpyridinium chloride

Difflam®.

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Methylbenzethonium chloride
c. Cetylpyridinium chloride
d. Chlorhexidine gluconate

b. Cetylpyridinium chloride

Used as a general antiseptic available in throat lozenge and mouthwash forms.

a. Benzethonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Phenol
d. Povidone-iodine

b. Throat lozenge and mouthwash form

Cetylpyridinium chloride is used as a general antiseptic available in ______ forms.

a. Cream and ointment

b. Throat lozenge and mouthwash

c. Solution and spray

d. Gel and patch

c. Cetylpyridinium chloride

FDA-approved treatment for gingivitis.

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Hydrogen peroxide
c. Cetylpyridinium chloride
d. Thymol

c. Chlorhexidine

Bactidol®, Orahex®, GynePro®.

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Methylbenzethonium chloride

c. Chlorhexidine

Bactidol®

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Methylbenzethonium chloride

c. Chlorhexidine

Orahex®

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Methylbenzethonium chloride

c. Chlorhexidine

GynePro®

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Cetylpyridinium chloride
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Methylbenzethonium chloride

b. Chlorhexidine

Classified under biguanides, not a cationic surfactant but shares many physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties with them.

a. Phenol
b. Chlorhexidine
c. Hexachlorophene
d. Povidone-iodin

a. Biguanides

Chlorhexidine is classified under ______, not a cationic surfactant but shares many physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties with them.

a. Biguanides
b. Phenols
c. Alcohols
d. Halogens

b. Chlorhexidine

Used in oral surgery, mouthwash, and irrigation.

a. Hydrogen peroxide
b. Chlorhexidine
c. Ethyl alcohol
d. Formaldehyde

c. Chlorhexidine

Not absorbed through skin or mucous membrane and does not cause systemic toxicity.

a. Phenol
b. Hexachlorophene
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Resorcinol

a. Chlorhexidine

Best antiseptic based on antibacterial effect.

a. Chlorhexidine
b. Iodine
c. Alcohol
d. Chlorine

b. Preservatives

Added to dosage forms and cosmetic preparations to prevent microbial contamination.

a. Antioxidants

b. Preservatives

c. Emulsifiers

d. Buffering agents

a. Preservatives

Added to parenteral and ophthalmic preparations to maintain sterility in the event of accidental contamination during use.

a. Preservatives

b. Chelating agents

c. Surfactants

d. Stabilizers

e. All of the above

• Effective at low concentrations

• Non-toxic

• Compatible with other constituents of the preparation

• Stable for the shelf-life of the preparation

Characteristics of Ideal Preservative

a. Effective at low concentration

b. Non-toxic

c. Compatible with other consittuents of the preparation

d. Stable for the shelf-life of the preparation

e. All of the above

c. Parabens

Esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that have antifungal properties.

a. Benzoates

b. Sorbates

c. Parabens

d. Phenols

d. Methylparaben

Also known as Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate.

a. Propylparaben
b. Butylparaben
c. Ethylparaben
d. Methylparaben

b. Methylparaben

Effective against molds.

a. Propylparaben
b. Methylparaben
c. Butylparaben
d. Ethylparaben

c. Propylparaben

Also known as Propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate.

a. Methylparaben
b. Ethylparaben
c. Propylparaben
d. Butylparaben

b. Propylparaben

Effective against yeast.

a. Methylparaben
b. Propylparaben
c. Butylparaben
d. Ethylparaben

c. Propylparaben

More oil soluble

a. Methylparaben
b. Ethylparaben
c. Propylparaben
d. Butylparaben

c. Propylparaben

Preferred for oils and fats.

a. Methylparaben
b. Ethylparaben
c. Propylparaben
d. Butylparaben

b. Propylparaben and Butylparaben

Preferred preservatives for drugs in oil or lipophilic bases.

a. Methylparaben and Ethylparaben
b. Propylparaben and Butylparaben
c. Butylparaben and Ethylparaben
d. Methylparaben and Propylparaben

b. Chlorobutanol

Camphor-like aroma.

a. Chlorocresol
b. Chlorobutanol
c. Phenol
d. Thymol

c. Chlorobutanol

Bacteriostatic agent in pharmaceuticals for injection, ophthalmic use, and intranasal administration.

a. Benzalkonium chloride
b. Methylparaben
c. Chlorobutanol
d. Propylparaben

a. Benzyl alcohol

Also known as:

• Phenylcarbinol

• Phenylmethanol.

a. Benzyl alcohol

b. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

d. Methyl alcohol

a. Benzyl alcohol

Also known as Phenylcarbinol

a. Benzyl alcohol

b. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

d. Methyl alcohol

a. Benzyl alcohol

Also known as Phenylmethanol

a. Benzyl alcohol

b. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

d. Methyl alcohol

b. Benzyl alcohol

Obtained from Oil of Jasmine.

a. Phenol
b. Benzyl alcohol
c. Eugenol
d. Thymol

d. Benzyl alcohol

Commonly used as a preservative in vials of injectable drugs at concentrations of 1-4% in water or saline.

a. Chlorobutanol
b. Benzalkonium chloride
c. Methylparaben
d. Benzyl alcohol

c. Gasping syndrome

Side effect associated with benzyl alcohol toxicity.

a. Reye's syndrome
b. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
c. Gasping syndrome
d. Horner's syndrome

• CNS Depression

• Metabolic acidosis

• Gasping respiration

• Circulatory failure

• Intracranial bleeding

Symptoms of Gasping Syndrome include:

a. CNS Depression, Metabolic acidosis, Gasping respiration, Circulatory failure, Intracranial bleeding
b. Seizures, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity
c. Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, Hypertension, Agitation
d. Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Bone marrow suppression

d. Benzyl alcohol

Undergoes Glycine Conjugation

a. Chlorobutanol
b. Benzalkonium chloride
c. Methylparaben
d. Benzyl alcohol

c. Glycine conjugation

Benzyl alcohol undergoes which type of conjugation?

a. Glucuronidation
b. Sulfation
c. Glycine conjugation
d. Acetylation

b. Gasping syndrome

Accumulation of benzyl alcohol leads to which syndrome?

a. Reye's syndrome
b. Gasping syndrome
c. Gray baby syndrome
d. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

d. Benzyl alcohol

Accumulation of ______ leads to Gasping Syndrome

a. Chlorobutanol
b. Benzalkonium chloride
c. Methylparaben
d. Benzyl alcohol

c. Neonates

Relies on sulfation.

a. Elderly
b. Adults
c. Neonates
d. Pregnant women

c. Sulfation

Neonates rely on which metabolic pathway for conjugation?

a. Glucuronidation
b. Glycine conjugation
c. Sulfation
d. Acetylation

b. Glycine conjugation

Neonates lack which conjugation pathway, making them susceptible to benzyl alcohol toxicity?

a. Glucuronidation
b. Glycine conjugation
c. Acetylation
d. Glutathione conjugation

b. Benzoic acid

Naturally obtained from gum benzoin and in Peru and Tolu balsams.

a. Salicylic acid

b. Benzoic acid

c. Cinnamic acid

d. Acetic acid

a. Benzoin and Peru or Tolu

Benzoic acid is naturally obtained from gum ______ and in ______ balsams.

a. Benzoin and Peru or Tolu

b. Myrrh and Copaiba

c. Frankincense and Peru

d. Benzoin and Balsam of Peru only

c. Benzoic acid

Effective as a preservative in food and pharmaceutical products at low pH.

a. Sorbic acid

b. Propionic acid

c. Benzoic acid

d. Acetic acid

b. Sodium propionate

Has antifungal properties.

a. Benzoic acid

b. Sodium propionate

c. Acetic acid

d. Benzyl alcohol

b. Antifungal

Sodium propionate has ______ properties.

a. Antibacterial
b. Antifungal
c. Antiviral
d. Antiparasitic

c. Sorbic acid

Antifungal preservative used in preserved syrups, elixirs, ointments, and lotions containing components such as sugars.

a. Sodium benzoate

b. Sodium propionate

c. Sorbic acidd. Methylparaben