Diagnostic Clinical Microbiology II: Anaerobes Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering anaerobic bacteria, their clinical significance, Gram stain, colony morphology, fluorescence, toxins, and treatments.

Lactobacillus maintains an acid pH in the genital tract through the production of __________.

lactic acid

__________ comprises the majority of normal vaginal flora.

Lactobacillus

Clostridium perfringens is clinically significant for causing __________ wound infections.

Gas gangrene

On Gram stain, Clostridium perfringens appears as GPR with __________ spores.

subterminal

The colony morphology of Clostridium perfringens features a double zone of __________ hemolysis.

beta

Alpha-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens causes mild, self-limiting diarrhea due to __________.

enterotoxin

Beta-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens leads to __________ enteritis.

Necrotizing

Treatment for Clostridium perfringens infections requires surgical debridement plus __________.

antibiotics

Clostridium botulinum causes botulism food poisoning characterized by __________ paralysis.

flaccid

Clostridium botulinum is commercially used to produce __________.

Botox

Treatment for Clostridium botulinum infection involves antitoxin and __________.

mechanical ventilation

Clostridium tetani causes 'Lockjaw' rigid paralysis due to the toxin __________.

Tetanospasmin

On Gram stain, Clostridium tetani exhibits GPR with terminal spores described as __________.

tennis rackets

Colony morphology of Clostridium tetani shows slightly beta hemolytic colonies with __________.

swarm

Treatment for Clostridium tetani requires antitoxin and __________.

mechanical ventilation

Clostridium difficile causes enteritis with bloody diarrhea resulting from excess __________.

antibiotics

Colonies of Clostridium difficile exhibit __________ fluorescence.

Chartreuse

Bloody diarrhea and enteritis from Clostridium difficile are caused by Toxin __________.

A and B

Treatment for Clostridium difficile includes Vancomycin and possible __________ transplant.

fecal

Clostridium septicum causes gas gangrene or septicemia and is frequently associated with __________ malignancies.

GI

On Gram stain, Clostridium septicum is observed as GPR with thin __________ spores.

subterminal

Actinomyces israelii causes granulomatous lesions containing __________ granules.

sulfur

Colony morphology of Actinomyces israelii is described as having a white molar tooth or __________ look.

breadcrumb

Gram stain of Actinomyces israelii reveals long, thin, branching GPR without __________.

spores

Besides facial and body acne, Cutibacterium acnes can infect IV catheters and artificial joints causing __________.

endocarditis

Cutibacterium acnes on Gram stain appears as pleiomorphic, palisading GPR resembling __________.

crushed spiders

Cutibacterium acnes tests positive for both catalase and __________.

indole

Cutibacterium acnes is commonly found as a contaminant in blood cultures and __________ cultures.

urine

Bifidobacterium is associated with polymicrobial infections of the __________ cavity.

peritoneal

Gram stain of Bifidobacterium reveals pleomorphic gram __________ rods.

variable

Infections of the peritoneal area and decubitis are associated with the __________ group.

Bacteroides fragilis

To identify Bacteroides fragilis, clinicians use BBE, which stands for Bacteroides __________ esculin.

Bile

Treatment for Bacteroides fragilis infection consists of surgical debridement plus __________.

antibiotics

Fusobacterium nucleatum causes infections of the head and neck due to a break in __________ membranes.

mucus

Colonies of Fusobacterium nucleatum smell like __________ butter.

rancid

Fusobacterium necrophorum causes a necrotizing infection of the throat known as __________ angina.

Vincent’s

Treatment for Fusobacterium necrophorum includes removal of __________ tissue and antibiotics.

necrotic

Prevotella melaninogenica produces tan to black pigmented colonies that fluoresce __________ red with Wood’s lamp.

Brick

Prevotella melaninogenica is clinically associated with __________.

Peridontitis

Porphyromonas asaccharolytica causes infections of the __________ cavity.

oral

Porphyromonas gingivalis colonies turn brown on blood and show __________ fluorescence under Wood's lamp.

None

Finegoldia magna is clinically associated with diabetic foot ulcers, decubitis, and __________ bites.

human

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius colonies produced in 24-48 hours smell very __________.

sweet

Veillonella causes respiratory, GI, and GU infections if isolated in __________ cultures.

pure

Veillonella tests positive for both catalase and __________.

Nitrate