chapter 7 the cardiovascular system

What are the four chambers in the heart?

Right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

What values prevent backflow?

Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

Starting with the site of impulse initiation, what are the structures in the conduction system of the heart?

Sinoatrial node atrioventricular node bundle of his purkinje fibers

Arteries carries blood in which direction?

Away from the heart

Capillaries carries blood in which direction?

From arterioles to venues

Veins carries blood in which direction?

Toward heart

List vessels thinnest to thickest

Capillary veins artery

Which vessels are smooth muscle present in?

Arteries and veins

Which vessel contains valves

Veins

Why does the right side of the heart contains less cardiac muscle than the left side?

The right side pumps blood into lower-resistance circuit at lower pressure and needs less muscle

If all autonomic input to the heart were cut, what would happen?

The heart would continue beating at the intrinsic rate but unable to change their heartrate

What are the components of plasma?

Nutrients, salts, respiratory gases hormones and blood proteins

What blood can B+ receive from?

B+ B- O+ O-

What blood type can B+ donate to?

AB+ B+

What does hematocrit measure?

Percentage of a blood sample occupied by RBC

What are the units for hematocrit?

Percentage points

Which types of leukocytes are involved in the specific immune response?

Lymphocytes

Where do platelets come from?

Megakaryocgtes

Which cell types in blood contain nuclei?

Leukocytes

Which cell types do not contain nuclei?

Erythrocytes and platelets

In bacterial sepsis a number of capillary bed throughout the body to open simultaneously what effect would this have on the blood pressure?

Decrease the overall resistance of the circuit cardiac output will increase to maintain constant blood pressure

Besides the risk of infection why might sepsis be dangerous for the heart?

Increase demand to maintain blood pressure can tire it leading to heart attack

What is the chemical equation for the bicarbonate better system?

CO2+ H2O = H2CO3 = H + HCO3

What enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

Carbonic anhydrous

Where should you look on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to determine the amount of oxygen that has been delivered to tissue

What direction does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts as a result of exercise? What physiological changes cause this shift and why?

Exposure of which subendotelica compounds start the coagulation cascade?

Collagen and tissue factor

What protein helps stabilize the clot?

Fibrin