Chapter 10 of human biology by sylvia s. mader and windelspecht. Respiratory

inspiration

breathing in

expiration

breathing out

bronchus

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

Diaphragm

skeletal muscle that ventilates

ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs

respiratory system and homeostasis

Oxygen is absorbed into the blood of the circulatory system so it can be delivered to cells all over the body

upper respiratory tract has ....

nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx.

Uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

hard palate

roof of the mouth

nasopharynx

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

laryngopharynx

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

nares

nostrils

septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the nasal cavities

Submucosa

capillaries that help warm and moisten the incoming air.

Autditory tube

connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

What is the pharynx?

throat

3 portions of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

lymphoid tissue

Tonsils are made of what type of tissue?

laryngeal prominence

Adam's apple

the lower respiratory trachea has what?

trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

primary bronchi

The first branches of the trachea

Tracheostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

secondary bronchi

The primary bronchi split into these smaller tubes within the lungs

bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

what are the lungs made of?

bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

3 lobes

right lung

2 lobes

left lung

pleurae

serous membranes that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall

serous fluid

thin, watery body fluid

Lungs have about ___ alveoli

300 million

surfactant

film of lipoprotein that prevents the alveoli from closing

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

rib cage

tops and sides of the thoracic cavity

intercostal muscles

muscles between the ribs

diaphragm

floor of the thoracic cavity

pleural fluid

liquid that surrounds the lungs

Boyle's Law

A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature

Tidal Volume (TV)

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

Vital Capacity (VC)

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation

Residual Volume (RV)

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

vagus nerve

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby

Chemoreceptors

respond to chemicals

carotid bodies

chemoreceptors located in the internal carotid artery; respond to changes in arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH

aortic bodies

between the major branches of the aortic arch

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

Pneumonia

Bacterial infection of the lungs, bronchi fill with thick fluid

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs

pulmonary fibrosis

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

obstructive pulmonary disorders examples

asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, COPD, etc.

When exposed to an irritant like pollen, the smooth muscle in the bronchioles spasms

Asthma

What's lung cancer?

bronchi lining thickens and cilia die.

Pneumonectomy

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung