Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCCs)

These flashcards cover key concepts and details regarding Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCCs), including their risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment options, and specific gene mutations associated with this type of skin cancer.

What is the most prevalent type of skin cancer worldwide?

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most prevalent type of skin cancer.

By what percentage are BCC cases rising each year worldwide?

Cases are rising by about 10% each year worldwide.

Who is at the highest risk of developing BCC?

People with fair skin, who are older, and live in sunny areas are at the highest risk.

What gene mutation is linked to sporadic BCCs and Gorlin’s syndrome?

Mutations in PTCH1, the human homologue of the ‘Patched’ gene.

What is a common clinical manifestation of BCCs?

Patients usually present with a slow growing, pearl-like or shiny nodule.

What distinguishes BCCs from SCCs based on growth rate over 6 weeks?

Rapid growth suggests SCC; slow growth suggests BCC.

What treatment is preferred for most patients presenting with BCC?

Surgical removal with a wide excision.

What is Mohs micrographic surgery used for?

It is the preferred treatment option for morpheic BCCs and tumors in the nasal creases.

Which treatment can stop or clear advanced BCCs that can't be removed with surgery?

Vismodegib, which inhibits the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Why is a BCC often referred to as a 'rodent ulcer'?

Because it causes significant morbidity via local invasion into nearby tissues.