PBH 110.1 Midterm Exam Review Guide

Assessment

Systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of information about the health of a community.

Policy Development

Using data to create public health policies and strategies that improve community health.

Assurance

Ensuring that essential health services are accessible and high quality.

Epidemiology

Studies the patterns and causes of diseases in populations.

Biostatistics

Uses statistical methods to analyze public health data.

Environmental Health Sciences

Examines how environmental factors affect health.

Health Policy and Management

Focuses on healthcare systems, policies, and access to care.

Social and Behavioral Sciences

Studies how behaviors and social structures affect health.

The Black Plague

Caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, spread through fleas carried by rats and human-to-human transmission.

Trade Routes

Pathways, such as the Silk Road, that facilitated the spread of the plague.

Poor Sanitation

Overcrowded, filthy cities that allowed rats and fleas to thrive.

Delayed Response

Failure of officials to take timely actions during an outbreak.

Healthy People 2020

An initiative aimed at improving public health with specific targets.

Null Hypothesis (H₀)

States that there is no significance between the variables being studied.

P-Value

A probability value used to determine statistical significance.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease that develop in a specific population during a certain time period.

Prevalence

The total number of cases of a disease present in a population at a specific point in time.

Notifiable Diseases

Diseases that must be reported to public health authorities due to their significant health risks.

Cohort Study

A study that follows a group over time to see who develops the disease based on exposure status.

Case-Control Study

A retrospective study comparing individuals with a disease to those without to identify risk factors.

Intervention Study

Investigates the effect of a treatment or intervention by randomly assigning participants to groups.

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

A measure of the impact of premature mortality on the population.

Bioterrorism

The intentional release of pathogens for malicious purposes.

Flint Water Crisis

A public health crisis resulting from lead contamination of drinking water in Flint, Michigan.

Clean Water Act 1972

Legislation aimed at reducing industrial pollution in waterways and improving water quality.

Safe Drinking Water Act 1974

Established standards for safe drinking water and monitoring requirements.

Silent Spring

A groundbreaking book by Rachel Carson exposing dangers of pesticides.

Mortality Rate

The number of deaths in a specific population within a set period.

Morbidity

The incidence of disease or illness in a population.

Air Quality Sensors

Devices used to detect airborne pollutants and environmental conditions.

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)

A law requiring industries to report hazardous chemical storage and releases.

Non-Point Source Pollution

Pollution that comes from multiple, diffuse sources rather than a single site.