Chemical Reactions and Energy

chemical reaction

when atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds interact to form or break chemical bonds

products

substances that result from the chemical reaction

reactants

substances that enter into a chemical reaction

metabolism

sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

anabolism

two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product; synthesis

dehydration reaction

synthetic reaction where water is a product

catabolism

a large reactant is broken down to form smaller products; decomposition

hydrolysis reactions

water is split into two parts that contribute to the formation of the products

reversible reactions

chemical reactions in which the reaction can be proceed either from reactants to products or from products to reactants

equilibrium

rate of product formation is equal to rate of reactant formation

oxidation

loss of an electron by an atom

reduction

gain of a electron by an atom

oxidation-reduction reactions

the complete or partial loss of an electron by one atom is accompanied by the gain of that electron by another atom

energy

capacity to do work; move matter

potential energy

energy stored in chemical bonds; energy that could do work if released

kinetic energy

energy that does work

mechanical energy

energy resulting from the position or movement of objects

chemical energy

form of potential energy in the chemical bonds of a substance

heat energy

energy that flows between objects of different temps

activation energy

minimum energy reactants must have to start a chemical reaction

catalysts

substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being permanently changed or depleted

enzymes

protein catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary for reaction to begin

influences in reactions rate

temp, concentration of reactants