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Humanism
Studies how people grow & reach their potential
Behaviorism
Study observable behavior only (Watson Skinner)
Cognitive psych
How we think know remember
Biopsychological
Mix of biology, psychology, social factors
Functionalism
How mental processes help us adapt (James)
Hypothesis
Testable prediction
Operational Definition
How you measure a variable
Random assignment
Assign to groups by chance
Correlation
How two things relate
Placebo effect
Thinking something works makes you feel good
Neuron
Nerve cell
Synapse
Gap between two neurons (where messages are passed)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain + spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
– All the nerves outside the CNS.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers: serotonin and dopamine
plasticity
Brain can change and organize
Amygdala
Fear and emotion
Hippocampus
Memory
Hypothalamus
Hunger thirst temp sex drive
Corpus Callosum
Connects brain hemispheres
Psychodynamic
Behavior = unconscious drives + early childhood. Freuds playground.
Independent variable
The thing you change in an experiment
Dependent variable
The result you measure in an experiment
Control group
group with no real treatment used for comparison
double blind procedure
Participants nor researchers know who’s in which experiment group- prevents bias
Endorphins
Natural painkillers brain releases during stress or exercise
Medulla
Controls heart beat breathing- life support center
Reticular formations
Keeps you alert + awake. Damage of this = coma
Thalamus
routes info to right parts of brain.
Myelin Sheath
Fatty layer around axons- speeds up neural messages
Psychology
science of behavior and mental processes
Structuralism
Early approach focused on breaking down mental processes into parts.
Nature vs. Nurture
Are we more shaped by genetics (nature) or experience (nurture)?
Case Study
Studying one person or group deeply.
Confounding Variable
Something else that could affect the outcome.
Experiment
A test to find cause and effect.
Naturalistic Observation
Watching behavior without interfering.
Survey
A way to collect lots of data quickly by asking questions.
Axon
a long fiber on a neuron: sends messages to other neurons muscles
Dendrites
Branches on a neuron that receive messages.