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Deglutition
Swallowing
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins
Alternative names for the digestive system
G.I Tract, Alimentary Canal
Digestion
The process by which the body breaks down complex food
What is the role of accessory organs?
To assist in digestion
Why is the only organ associated with two glands
pancreas
What two glands are the pancreas associated with ?
Endocrine and digestive
What does the Pancrease secrete?
Insulin, digestive enzymes
The digestive tract
A muscular tube that contains organs of digestion
The digestive system begins at the ___ and ends at the ______
Mouth, anus
the accessory organs of the digestive system include
The teeth, tongue, salivary glands,liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
Ingestion
When food enters the mouth
Mastication
Chewing ; mechanically gringing and crushing food with teeth and tongue
Digestion
The chemical act of breaking down food into small molecules so it can be absorbed
What does the digestive system sectrete
Acids, buffers, enzymes, and water
absorption in the digestive system
Passing of nutrients through the lining of the digestive tract into the bloodstream
How many sets of teeth do we get in our lives ?
2
What are other names for baby teeth ?
Deciduous teeth, milk teeth
How many baby teeth do we get ?
20
All 20 baby teeth grow in by what age ?
2 and a half
When do the baby teeth start falling out ?
Between 6-12 yrs
How many adult teeth do we get in our lives ?
28
What are the wisdom teeth
The other 4 teeth that grow in as we get older
How many teeth do we have ?
32
What causes a toothache ?
When the pulp nerve is exposed
What is a root canal ?
And dental procedure when they drill into the root canal of the tooth and kill the nerve
What wears down enamel ?
Acidic food, acid reflux, and plaque formation
Scurvy
A condition resulting from a lack of vitamin C (absorbic acid)
Dental carries
A cavity
Tooth tissue layers (outside to inside)
Enamel
Dentin
Pulp cavity
Gingiva
Root canal
Acronym for tooth tissue layers
E nough
D ancing
P lease
G et
R eady
Tooth layers (top to bottom)
Crown
Neck
Root
What causes tooth decay ?
Poor oral hygiene and not brushing your teeth at night
What are the 4 types of teeth (front to back)
Incisors, canine teeth, bicuspids/ premolars, molars
Acronym for the types of teeth
I
C ount
B ig
M oney
What is the function of incisors ?
To cut food
What is the function of canine teeth ?
Holding, tearing, or slashing food
What is the function of bicuspids/ premolars ?
Crushing and grinding food
What is the function of the molars ?
To crush and grind food
Dentin
A materialized bone-like substance
What is inside the dentin ?
The pulp
What does the pulp contain
Blood vessels
What do the pulp nerves do ?
Provide sensation to the tooth
What covers the dentin
Cementum
Cementum
A soft version of bone used to help secure the periodontal ligament
Gingiva
Gums
What is the function of the gums
To hold teeth in place
How long is the esophagus
10 inches
The esophagus goes from the ____ to the _____
Pharynx, esophagus
When does the esophagus open ?
When a bonus of food is swallowed
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contraction
Dypyspha
Difficulty swallowing
Aphasia
Neurological speaking problem
Where is the stomach located
On the left side of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm
How long is the stomach
Approximately 10 in
How much can the stomach hold
4 liters
Rugae
Folds and ridges in the stomach that help is expand and contract
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardiac, fungus, body, pylorus
What are the functions of the stomach
Secreting gastric acids and enzymes for chemical digestion
Regulating rate chyme enters intestine
Absorbing water &other stuff like alcohol
How long does the stomach take to empty after a meal ?
4-5 hours
What takes the longest to empty from the stomach
Fats
What produced gastric juice
The stomach
What does gastric acid contain ?
Hydrochloride acid (HCI), pepsinogen, and mucus
What two substances combine to make pepsin?
HCI and pepsin
What does HCI do
Breaks down connective tissues, kills pathogens, and activates pepsinogen to make pepsin
What does mucus do ?
Protects the stomach from stomach acid
Instritic factor function
Allows b12 to be absorbed
What are the phases of gastric juice production
Cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase
Cephalic phase
Sight or smell of food stimulates release of gastric which stimulates gastric gland activity
Gastric phase
Food moves into stomachs causing gastric glands to produce more gastric juices
Intestinal phase
When food enters the duodenum and intestinal hormones release to slow gastric gland secretion
What is the longest section of the digestive system
The small intestine
How long is the small intestine
20 ft on average
What are the 3 regions of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum
Pancreas and gallbladder secretion are added to chyme at the
Duodenum
Gallbladder releases
Bile
Pancreatic juice contains
Sodium bicarbonate and several digestive enzymes
Sodium bicarbonate function
Neutralizes stomach acid
What hormones do the small intestine secrete
Cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin
Cholecysyokinin (CCK) function
Stimulates contraction of gallbladder to secrete bile
Secretin function
Stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice
Digestive enzymes of the small intestine
Lactase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, tripase
Functions of lactase, maltase, and sucrase
Double sugars (disaccharides), result is glucose
Functions of lipase
Disgusts certain types of fats, result is fatty acids and glycerol
Tripase
Digests proteins, result is amino acids
Villi and microvilli
Finger like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorb at ion of more nutrients
Where does the absorption of lipids occur ?
The lacteal of the villi
Where does the bulk of nutrient absorbtion occur
Jejunum
How big is the large intestine
5 feet long and 2.5 inches in diameter
Functions of the large intestine
Absorbing water and vitamins produced by healthy bacteria in large intestine
Compaction of waste products for elimination
What are the 3 main region fi the large intestine
Cecum, Colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon), Rectum and anus
Function of bile
Emulsifying fats
What is the pharynx
The throat
What does the epiglottis do
Prevents food food from going to tracia
What makes bile
Red blood cells
Egestion
Elimination 8f waste products
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
What are the consequences of GERD
Damages enamel, burned esophagus lining,
What is GERD
When the stomach acid repeatedly flows back into tubes connecting mouth and stomach (esophagus
Where does the mouth lead to
The buccal cavity
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