Anatomy Digestive System Test

Deglutition

Swallowing

Hemorrhoids

Varicose veins

Alternative names for the digestive system

G.I Tract, Alimentary Canal

Digestion

The process by which the body breaks down complex food

What is the role of accessory organs?

To assist in digestion

Why is the only organ associated with two glands

pancreas

What two glands are the pancreas associated with ?

Endocrine and digestive

What does the Pancrease secrete?

Insulin, digestive enzymes

The digestive tract

A muscular tube that contains organs of digestion

The digestive system begins at the ___ and ends at the ______

Mouth, anus

the accessory organs of the digestive system include

The teeth, tongue, salivary glands,liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Ingestion

When food enters the mouth

Mastication

Chewing ; mechanically gringing and crushing food with teeth and tongue

Digestion

The chemical act of breaking down food into small molecules so it can be absorbed

What does the digestive system sectrete

Acids, buffers, enzymes, and water

absorption in the digestive system

Passing of nutrients through the lining of the digestive tract into the bloodstream

How many sets of teeth do we get in our lives ?

2

What are other names for baby teeth ?

Deciduous teeth, milk teeth

How many baby teeth do we get ?

20

All 20 baby teeth grow in by what age ?

2 and a half

When do the baby teeth start falling out ?

Between 6-12 yrs

How many adult teeth do we get in our lives ?

28

What are the wisdom teeth

The other 4 teeth that grow in as we get older

How many teeth do we have ?

32

What causes a toothache ?

When the pulp nerve is exposed

What is a root canal ?

And dental procedure when they drill into the root canal of the tooth and kill the nerve

What wears down enamel ?

Acidic food, acid reflux, and plaque formation

Scurvy

A condition resulting from a lack of vitamin C (absorbic acid)

Dental carries

A cavity

Tooth tissue layers (outside to inside)

Enamel

Dentin

Pulp cavity

Gingiva

Root canal

Acronym for tooth tissue layers

E nough

D ancing

P lease

G et

R eady

Tooth layers (top to bottom)

Crown

Neck

Root

What causes tooth decay ?

Poor oral hygiene and not brushing your teeth at night

What are the 4 types of teeth (front to back)

Incisors, canine teeth, bicuspids/ premolars, molars

Acronym for the types of teeth

I

C ount

B ig

M oney

What is the function of incisors ?

To cut food

What is the function of canine teeth ?

Holding, tearing, or slashing food

What is the function of bicuspids/ premolars ?

Crushing and grinding food

What is the function of the molars ?

To crush and grind food

Dentin

A materialized bone-like substance

What is inside the dentin ?

The pulp

What does the pulp contain

Blood vessels

What do the pulp nerves do ?

Provide sensation to the tooth

What covers the dentin

Cementum

Cementum

A soft version of bone used to help secure the periodontal ligament

Gingiva

Gums

What is the function of the gums

To hold teeth in place

How long is the esophagus

10 inches

The esophagus goes from the ____ to the _____

Pharynx, esophagus

When does the esophagus open ?

When a bonus of food is swallowed

Peristalsis

Rhythmic contraction

Dypyspha

Difficulty swallowing

Aphasia

Neurological speaking problem

Where is the stomach located

On the left side of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm

How long is the stomach

Approximately 10 in

How much can the stomach hold

4 liters

Rugae

Folds and ridges in the stomach that help is expand and contract

What are the 4 regions of the stomach

Cardiac, fungus, body, pylorus

What are the functions of the stomach

Secreting gastric acids and enzymes for chemical digestion

Regulating rate chyme enters intestine

Absorbing water &other stuff like alcohol

How long does the stomach take to empty after a meal ?

4-5 hours

What takes the longest to empty from the stomach

Fats

What produced gastric juice

The stomach

What does gastric acid contain ?

Hydrochloride acid (HCI), pepsinogen, and mucus

What two substances combine to make pepsin?

HCI and pepsin

What does HCI do

Breaks down connective tissues, kills pathogens, and activates pepsinogen to make pepsin

What does mucus do ?

Protects the stomach from stomach acid

Instritic factor function

Allows b12 to be absorbed

What are the phases of gastric juice production

Cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

Cephalic phase

Sight or smell of food stimulates release of gastric which stimulates gastric gland activity

Gastric phase

Food moves into stomachs causing gastric glands to produce more gastric juices

Intestinal phase

When food enters the duodenum and intestinal hormones release to slow gastric gland secretion

What is the longest section of the digestive system

The small intestine

How long is the small intestine

20 ft on average

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

Pancreas and gallbladder secretion are added to chyme at the

Duodenum

Gallbladder releases

Bile

Pancreatic juice contains

Sodium bicarbonate and several digestive enzymes

Sodium bicarbonate function

Neutralizes stomach acid

What hormones do the small intestine secrete

Cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin

Cholecysyokinin (CCK) function

Stimulates contraction of gallbladder to secrete bile

Secretin function

Stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice

Digestive enzymes of the small intestine

Lactase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, tripase

Functions of lactase, maltase, and sucrase

Double sugars (disaccharides), result is glucose

Functions of lipase

Disgusts certain types of fats, result is fatty acids and glycerol

Tripase

Digests proteins, result is amino acids

Villi and microvilli

Finger like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorb at ion of more nutrients

Where does the absorption of lipids occur ?

The lacteal of the villi

Where does the bulk of nutrient absorbtion occur

Jejunum

How big is the large intestine

5 feet long and 2.5 inches in diameter

Functions of the large intestine

Absorbing water and vitamins produced by healthy bacteria in large intestine

Compaction of waste products for elimination

What are the 3 main region fi the large intestine

Cecum, Colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon), Rectum and anus

Function of bile

Emulsifying fats

What is the pharynx

The throat

What does the epiglottis do

Prevents food food from going to tracia

What makes bile

Red blood cells

Egestion

Elimination 8f waste products

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

What are the consequences of GERD

Damages enamel, burned esophagus lining,

What is GERD

When the stomach acid repeatedly flows back into tubes connecting mouth and stomach (esophagus

Where does the mouth lead to

The buccal cavity