Psy 200 Final Exam 4 Personality

What is personality?

-Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

-Multiple ways of viewing personality:

-Humanistic Persepective

-Psychoanalytic Perspective

-Trait Perspective

-Social learning perspective

Id: (Psychoanyltyic theories: Fredian Personality Structure)

Primitive Drives, present at birth

Ego: (Psychoanyltyic theories: Fredian Personality Structure)

coordinates the needs of the id with reality-decision maker

Superego: (Psychoanyltyic theories: Fredian Personality Structure)

internalizes right/wrong, operates as our "conscience"

Charecterictics of (Psychoanyltyic theories: Fredian Personality Structure)

-Ideally, all 3 are balanced

-Imbalance leads to unhealthy behaviors

What are the levels awarness

-conscious

-preconscios

-unconscious

Repression (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

Expulsion from awareness of unacceptable ideas or motives

The return of behavior that is typical of earlier stages of development

Regression (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

The return of behavior that is typical of earlier stages of development

Displacement (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

The transfer of unacceptable impulses away from their original objects onto safer or less threatening objects

Denial (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

Refusal to recognize a threatening impulse or desire

Reaction formation (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

Behaving in a way that is the opposite of one's true wishes or desires in order to keep these repressed

Rationalization (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

The use of self-justifications to explain away unacceptable behavior

Projection (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

Imposing one's own impulses or wishes onto another person

Sublimation (Freudian Defense Mechanism)

The channeling of unacceptable impulses into socially constructive pursuits

(Neo-Freudians: Alfred Adler)

inferiority complex, overcompensation, birth order

Inferiority

overwhelming feelings of inferiority

Overcompensation

response to inferiority, attempt to seek appearance of superiority

Birth Order

first to suggest that parents and siblings may influence development. Encouraged attention to birth order.

Personal unconscious (Neo-Freudians: Carl Jung)

same as Freud!

Collective unconscious

common human predisposotions passed from generation to generation

Archetypes

classic ways of unconsciously thinking about topics like power, death, darkness

Introversion

dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation

Extroversion

how outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive a person is

Evaluating Freudian Theory

-Strong influence on culture

-Little empirical support

-Operationalizing constructs difficult

-Questions about the effectiveness of psychoanalysis

Humanistic Theories

Personality results from motivation

Humanistic Theories (Carl Rogers)

-Humans strive toward self-actualization

-Congruence vs. incongruence

Collectivistic (culture and personality)

communal, interdependent

Individualistic (culture and personality)

(individuality/uniqueness) cultures

Culture and Personality

-Collectivistic vs Individualistic cultures

-Often used to explain differences in personality across culture

-Ignores the great variation within groups

Trait Theories

theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

Early Trait theories - allport and cattell

a perspective that views personality as being composed of stable, enduring traits or characteristics.

Early Trait theories - Eysenk

-Unstable

-Introverted

-Extroverted

-Stable

Openess to experience (The big 5)

tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks

Conscientiousness (The big 5)

the personality dimensions that includes dependability, cautiousness, organization, and responsibility ; people low in this dimension are impulsive, careless, disorderly and undependable

Extroversion (The big 5)

The personality dimension that includes enthusiasm, dominance, and sociability; people low on this dimension are considered introverted

Agreeableness (The big 5)

the personality dimension that includes friendliness, cooperation, and warmth ; people low in the dimension are cold, quarrelsome and unkind

Neuroticism (The big 5)

the personality dimensions that includes nervousness, tensions and anxiety ; people low on this dimension are emotionally stable, calm and contended

Genetic contributions (implications to trait theories)

temperament; neurotransmitter functioning

Situational factors (implications to trait theories)

person-situation interactions

Social Cognitive Theories (Albert Bandura)

reciprocal and self efficacy

Reciprocal

interaction between cognitive factors, environment and behaviors

Self-efficacy

-key to this interplay

-One's expectations of success