hl ib biology- d.1.1 dna replication

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god i hate hl bio

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15 Terms

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dna replication

the production of new strands of dna, rewuired for reproduction, growth and tissue replacment

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semi conservative nature of dna

when dna is replicated, the 2 strands of the double helix must seperate, both strands r used as templates, new strands are formed by adding nucleotides one by one and linking them together, dna is semi conservitive bc there are 2 dna molecules, compsed of an og template strand and a new synthesized strand

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role of helicase

ring shaped protein that seperates the 2 strands of dna by breaking hydrogen bonds

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role of dna polymerase

assembles new strands of dna using the 2 og strands at templates, dna polymerase brinds nucletides into the position whith hydrogen bonds, links the nucletide to the end f=of the new strand

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polymerase chain reaction (PRC)

an automated method of dna replication, mixtures of dna sequences r put inot the PCR machine

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applications of polymerase chain reaction

can be used for covid + paternity testing

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pros and cons of polymerase chain reaction

pros- sensitve+ specific

cons- expensive, slow

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dna profiling for paternity testing

this technique of dna profiling distinguishes individuals using bade sequences known as short tandem repeats

a sample of sna is obtained, selective tandem repeats r copied by PCR, dna is prodcued by PCR

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how nucleotides r linked together

nucleotides r linked to form strands of dna+rna with covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next

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diferences in leading strand and lagging strand

dna strands r anti-paralell, in a 5’ to 3’ direction

on one strand, dna polymerase adds nucleotides towards the replication fork, on the other strand dna polymerase adds nucleotides moving away from the replication fork

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functions of dna primase

dna primase is a type of rna polymerase

it assembles a chain of ab 10 rna nucleotides to provide a site where dna polymerase III can bind and stard adding nucleotides to the 3’ of a dna strand

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dna polymeras III

the principal polymerase in dna replication

it binds to the template strand on the 3’ end of the rna primer and assembles a chain of dna nucleotides and it also proofreads each nucleotide

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dna polymerase I

binds to an okazaki fragment on a lagging strand

removes rna nucleotides and replaces them w dna nucleotides

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dna ligase

connects the gaps in the chain of nucleotides left by dna polymerase

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dna proofreading

errors are corrected, preventing mutations

proofreading happens durinig replication immidetily after a wrong nucleotide has been place

done by the dna polymerase III