RAD gen anatomy

anatomy

structure of body

physiology

function of body organs

osteology

detailed study related to bones of body

sagittal plane

left & right

coronal plane

front & back

horizontal (transverse) plane

top & bottom

oblique plane

angles

interiliac plane

transects pelvis at the top of iliac crest, 4th lumbar spinous process

occlusal plane

formed by biting surface of upper & lower teeth (jaw closed)

sections of thoracic cavity

pleural & pericardial

“sections” of abdominal cavity

abdominal & pelvic

RUQ

kidney, liver, gall bladder

LUQ

kidney, stomach, spleen

RLQ

appendix, cecum

LLQ

sigmoid colon

superior regions

right & left hypochondrium, epigastrium

middle region

right & left lateral, umbilical

inferior region

right & left inguinal, hypogastrium

superior region is at the ___

9th costal cartilage

inferior region is at the ___

highest point of iliac crest

chondrium means

under the cartilage

C1

mastoid tip

C2, C3

gonion (angle of mandible)

C3, C4

hyoid bone

C5

thyroid bone

C7, T1

vertebra porminens

T1

approx 5cm (2in) above jugular notch

T2, T3

jugular notch

T4, T5

sternal angle

T7

inferior angle of scapulae

T9, T10

xiphoid process

L2, L3

inferior costal margin

L4, L5

superior aspect of iliac crest

S1, S2

anterior superior iliac spine (asis)

coccyx

public symphysis & greater trochanters

body habitus changes location

heart, lungs, diaphragm, stomach, colon, gall gladder

sthenic %

50

hyposthenic %

35

asthenic %

asthenic

hypersthenic %

5

how many bones in body

206

how many axial bones

80

how many appendicular bones

126

axial bones include

skull, neck, thorax, vertebral column, sacrum/coccyx, ribs, sternum

appendicular bones include

shoulder girdle, upper & lower limbs, pelvic girdle

compact bone

strong, dense ouer layer

cancellous (spongy) bone

less dense, spongy

trabeculae

red and yellow marrow

red marrow

red & white blood cells

yellow marrow

fat cells

periosteum

tough fibrous connective tissue

endosteum

tissue lining medullary cavity

medullary cavity & marrow

yellow marrow

foramina

opening for blood vessels & nerves, enter & exit bone

nutrient foramen

opening periosteum, nutrient artery passes into opening to supply cancellous bones & marrow

ossification

development & formation of bones

diaphysis

long shaft of bone during development

epiphysis

ends of long bones

eipiphyseal plate

cartilage between diaphysis & epiphysis, as you develop to 21

long bones

shaft, 2 articular ends

examples of long bones

limbs & phalanges

importance of long bones

provide support

short bones

cancellous bone, thin outer compact bone

short bone examples

carpals & tarsals

importance of short bones

flexibility, short motion

flat bone

2 plates of compact bone

flat bone examples

scapula, cranial, sternum

importance of flat bones

protection, muscle attachment

irregular bones

peculiar shape / various types

irregular bone examples

vertebrae, pelvic, facial

importance of irregular bones

attachment of muscles, tendons, ligaments & make joints

sesamoid bone

small, oval

sesamoid example

patella

compression fracture

compressed

open/compound fracture

not aligned, through skin

simple fracture

single break

greenstick fracture

one side still attached

transverse fracture

horizontal through the bone

spiral/oblique fracture

spirals around the bone

comminuted fracture

several, crumbles or pieces

impacted fracture

smushed together