Living Systems from the Biological Perspective

Energetics

________ → studies energy and matter conversion because living systems need specific types and amounts of matter- energy for stability.

Integration

________ and Regulation → brings separate components or subsystems together into a unified or stable unity.

Photosynthesis

________ makes Living System an Open System.

lover level

Living Systems are organized into hierarchies with specialization of functions and complexity emerging from ________ to higher levels of organization, also known as emergent properties.

Ex

Organ systems

Digestive system

organs that function for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

Circulatory system

transports nutrients + exchange of gasses

Ex

Computer Systems

Different elements

keyboard, screen, mouse, etc → all work together and they ultimately perform their function

Other examples

Telecommunication Systems, Political Systems

Ex

Solar Systems, Molecular Systems, Cellular Systems

Ecological Hierarchy

(Atoms → Molecules → Organelles →) Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Landscape → Biome → Ecosphere

Ecosystem

first level which is complete

Energetics

transformation/conversion of one form of energy into another

Evolution

applied at the basic level (even at cell level), however, it will only be significant at the population level

Systems

Are interconnected set of elements that are coherently organized to perform a specific function/purpose

Man-made systems

Highly influenced, governed, and controlled by humans

Natural Systems

Naturally exist in nature

Living Systems

Majority of the components are living

Non-living Systems

Majority or all of the components are non-living

Ecological Hierarchy

(Atoms → Molecules → Organelles →) Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Landscape → Biome → Ecosphere

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Decreasing the quality and quantity of resources, which eventually decreases population and alleviates pressure on the environment

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Happens when humans depart from this natural cycle

Energetics

Studies energy and matter conversion because living systems need specific types and amounts of matter-energy for stability

Evolution

Brings about Diversity

Integration and Regulation

Brings separate components or subsystems together into a unified or stable unity