Health Informatics Year 1 Definitions

Flashcards related to Health Informatics definitions

Health Informatics

Scientific field dealing with resources, devices, and formalized methods for optimizing the storage, retrieval, and management of biomedical information for problem solving and decision making.

Health Informatics

Application of computers, communications and information technology and systems to all fields of medicine (care, education, research).

Health Informatics

Understanding, skills and tools that enable the sharing and use of information to deliver healthcare and promote health.

HIT (Health Information Technology)

Quality management, patient care and safety, medical education and records, disease management, evidence based care, pharmacy, lab, radiology.

Purpose of HIT

To decrease cost, improve patient safety, improvement of quality and standard, influence.

First computer (ENAIAC)

1946

Personal computer

1982

Medical computer

1950s

Artificial intelligence

1970s

HIT origin

1960s (France)

Internet

1969 (government based) ARPANET

EHR

1970-1991

Goals for HIT

Reduce error and lawsuits, better return in investments (ROI), improved communication, quality, reduce duplication of tests and information.

Key Players in HIT: Patients

Online searches for info, web portals for personal info (visits, results, appointments, etc), research on physicians, hospital, insurance.

Key Players in HIT: Clinicians

Online searches with MEDLINE, Google, etc, online resources and digital libraries, patient and physician web portals, secure e-mail and e-visits.

Key Players in HIT: Nursing and Support Staff

Patient enrollment, electronic appointments, electronic billing process, EHRs, web based credentialing (certification).

Key Players in HIT: Public Health

Incident reports, Syndromic surveillance as part of bio-terrorism program, establish link to all public health departments (Public Health Information Network).

Key Players in HIT: Government

Nationwide Health Information Network, financial support for EHR adoption, Information technology pilot projects and grants.

Key Players in HIT: Medical Educators

Online medical resources for clinicians, patients and staff, online CME, MEDLINE searches.

Key Players in HIT: Insurance Companies

Electronic claims transmission, trend analysis, physician profiling, information systems for “pay for performance”.

Key Players in HIT: Hospitals

Interoperable electronic health records, electronic billing, information systems to monitor outcomes, length of stay, disease management, etc.

Key Players in HIT: Research

Database creation to study populations, genetics and disease states, Online collaborative web sites e.g. CaBIG, KEGG GENES, Cancer Databases, etc.

Key Players in HIT: Technology Vendors

Applying new technology innovations in the field of medicine: hardware, software, genomics, etc, data mining, interoperability.

Barriers to HIT adoption

Inadequate time, cost, change in work flow, privacy, legality, behavior change, In adequate workforce.

Gartner Group Theory Five Phases for Adoptions and Expectations

Technology trigger, peak of inflated expectations, trough of disillusionment, slope of enlightenment, plateau of productivity.

Data

Raw material of statistics of one or more variables recorded on one or more observational units.

Data Quality

Application, collection, analysis, warehousing.

Data Quality Characteristics

Accessibility, consistency, currency, granularity, precision, accuracy, comprehensive, definition, relevancy, timeliness.

Sources of Data

Routinely kept records, published data sources, data on electronic media, surveys, experimental research, artificial data.

Variable

Characteristic or attribute that can take different values for different subjects.

Qualitative data

Non numerical variables (hair color, gender, etc).

Quantitative data

Numerical variables (glucose level, blood pressure, age, temperature).

Primary Use of Data

Instant reports.

Information systems

Applications, methodology and algorithms of personal users and groups in institutions or organizations that turn data into desired and useful knowledge.

Knowledge

As a result of processing the data and previously obtained information; knowledge can be derived.

Information Technology Objectives on Business

Improving efficiency, reducing costs, improving decision making, increasing relations with customers.

EHR

Electronic Health Record

PHR

Patient Health Record

EMR

Electronic Medical Record

Electronic Health Records (EHR)

Has potential to improve patient safety, productivity and data retrieval.

Electronic Medical Record

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that can be created, gathered, managed and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within one healthcare organization.

Personal Health Record

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be drawn from multiple sources while being managed, shared and controlled by the individual.

Quantitative data, discrete

# of birth, # of death

Qualitative data, Nominal

More than two categories

Qualitative data, Nominal

Nominal two categories binary and dichotomous

Qualitative data, ordinal

Severity of disease income level

Dichotomous

Gender(M,F)

Binary

Disease +or-

Quantitative data, continuous

temperature, IQ, Age, weight, height

Electronic Health Record

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be created, managed and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization.

Coverage of EHRs

Patient demographic information, Progress notes, SOAP notes, Problems, Therapies, Key symptoms, Past medical history.

Why do we need EHRs?

Paper records are limited, the need for efficiency and productivity, quality care and safety, governmental expectations.

EHR advantages

Quality, better results, trends more clear, longterm recording, more privacy.

Types of Health and Patient Records

Time Centered, Disease Centered, Patient Centered, Problem Centered.

EHR Key Components

Clinical decision support systems CDSS, Computerized Physician Order CPOE, Communication and security, Billing and benefits.

Primary Use of Electronic Health and Patient Records

The primary purpose of EHR is to create certified health care reports in order to support current and future care services that will be provided by the same or different physicians.

Secondary Use of Electronic Health and Patient Records

Quality management, education, research, public and community health, policy development, billing.

Barriers for Electronic Health Adoption

Financial Barriers, Physician resistance, Loss of productivity, Work flow changes, Integration with other systems.

HIMS

Hospital Management Information System (HMIS), Hospital Information System (HIS), Hospital Automation.

Hospital Information Management Systems (HIMS)

It minimizes problems, financially stronger, efficiency and provides satisfaction, all procedures get put on the computers.

HIMS benefits

Speed, quality, quantity, saves time, reliability, reduces cost.

HIMS Archive

Order ,standards of hospital, quality control, quicker decision making, statistics.

the first web browser Mosaic appeared in

1993