Psychological Disorders Vocabulary

Flashcards about Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that is dysfunctional or maladaptive and often accompanied by distress.

Medical Model (Mental Illnesses)

Mental illnesses are diagnosed based on symptoms, treated through therapy, and ideally cured.

Biopsychosocial Approach

Psychology studies of how biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders.

Classification of Disorders

Aims to predict a disorder’s future course, suggest appropriate treatment, and prompt research.

DSM-5-TR

American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Used to classify disorders.

Suicide Risk

Risk increases with anxiety and depression, social suggestions, and is often unpredictable.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)

Find relief from intense negative thoughts, attract attention, relieve guilt, get others to change their negative behavior, fit in with a peer group

Anxiety-Related Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Person is, for no obvious reason, continually tense and uneasy.

Panic Disorder

Person experiences panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense dread—and fears the next attack.

Specific Phobias

Person is intensely and irrationally afraid of something.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both that persistently interfere with everyday life.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia, lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Person interprets normal sensations as symptoms of dreaded disease.

Anxiety

Response to threat of future loss

Depression

Response to past and current stress.

Major Depressive Disorder

Feelings of hopelessness and lethargy lasting several weeks or months

Bipolar Disorder

Feelings that alternate between depression and overexcited hyperactivity

Schizophrenia

Disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Psychotic Disorders

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Dissociative Disorders

Rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Two or more distinct identities, each with its own voice and mannerisms, seem to control the person’s behavior.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Sometimes called sociopathy or psychopathy, usually male, can display symptoms by age 8. Shows impulsive behavior, feels and fears little.

Anorexia Nervosa

Person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight and has an inaccurate self-perception.

Bulimia Nervosa

Person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Binge-Eating Disorder

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

Intellectual Disability

Intelligence test score in lowest 3 percent of population (about 70 or below). Difficulty adapting to normal demands of independent living: conceptual, social, practical

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Cognitive and social-emotional disorder marked by social deficiencies and repetitive behaviors

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity