Rizal: Heroes, Rizal Law, and 19th-Century Philippines (Notes)

Flashcards cover heroism concepts, Rizal Law (RA 1425), key people, Rizal’s life and works, and 19th-century Philippine history as presented in the notes.

What are the four types of heroes listed in the notes?

Epic Hero, Tragic Hero, Anti-Hero, and Super Hero.

What is the Rizal Law (RA 1425) in essence?

An act to include courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal (especially Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo) in the curriculum and to authorize printing and distribution of Rizal’s works.

What does RA 1425 Section 1 require?

Courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal to be included in the curricula of schools.

What does RA 1425 Section 2 require?

Colleges and universities must keep adequate copies of the original, unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in their libraries.

What does RA 1425 Section 3 require?

Translation of Rizal’s works into English and other dialects; printing in cheap editions; distribution through Purok organizations and Barrio Councils.

What does RA 1425 Section 5 provide?

Authorizes an appropriation of 300,000 pesos to carry out the purposes of the Act.

What does RA 1425 Section 4 address?

Clarifies that the Act does not violate restrictions on discussing religious doctrines in public schools (and related legal provisions).

Who was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill?

Senator Claro M. Recto (with Jose P. Laurel as a co-writer).

Name two primary goals of the Rizal Law as listed in the notes.

1) To rededicate the youth to freedom and nationalism; 2) To pay tribute to Rizal and inspire patriotism.

When was RA 1425 approved?

June 12, 1956.

What is Republic Act No. 229 about?

An act prohibiting cockfighting, horse racing, and jai-alai on December 30; creates a committee to oversee Rizal Day celebrations.

Why is Rizal studied according to the notes?

To gain insights on current problems, understand Filipino identity, develop nationalism and citizenship, and learn life lessons from Rizal.

What is Rizal’s full name?

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo y Realonda.

Where and when was Rizal born and baptized?

Born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861; baptized on June 22, 1861.

Who were Rizal’s parents?

Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo Realonda.

Who was Rizal’s first teacher?

Doña Teodora, his mother.

What is GomBurZa and why is it significant for Rizal?

GomBurZa stands for Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora; martyred in 1872; their persecution inspired Rizal and he later dedicated El Filibusterismo to them.

What is the Ateneo at which Rizal studied, and what unique classroom system did it have?

Ateneo Municipal (Ateneo de Manila) run by Jesuits; students were organized into two empires—Roman Empire (internos) and Carthaginian Empire (externos)—with Rizal eventually becoming emperor of his empire.

Who was Rizal’s fiancée during his youth, and what nickname did she use in letters?

Leonor Rivera (cousin from Camiling); she signed her letters as 'Taimis'.

What was the 'Compaňerismo' at the University of Santo Tomas?

A secret society founded by Rizal in 1880 to promote Filipino student solidarity; members called Companions of Jehu; Galicano Apacible was secretary.

What is Rizal’s notable 18-year-old poem and its significance?

To the Filipino Youth (A La Juventud Filipina); first great Spanish-language Filipino poem and a landmark nationalist work.

Name two major Rizal works required by Rizal Law and their significance.

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo; Rizal’s novels that shaped nationalist thought and are central to the curriculum.

Where did Rizal study in 1877-1882 and what did he major in?

University of Santo Tomas (UST); studied Philosophy and Letters; also pursued surveying and later medicine.

What is the meaning of 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo' in Rizal’s body of work?

His two major novels that critique colonial society and inspire Filipino nationalism; central to Rizal Law.

What role do ‘Purok organizations’ play in Rizal Law enforcement?

They distribute cheap editions of Rizal’s works to the public.

What are the key historical-economic policies of the Spanish era mentioned in the notes?

Reducción, Bandala, Polo y Servicio (forced labor); these policies controlled natives and economic production.

What is the Encomienda system and its three types?

A grant of land and labor by the Crown; types: Royal (taxes to the King), Ecclesiastical (to the Church), Privado (to the King’s ally).

Who is Lakan Dula in Rizal’s ancestry?

Lakan Dula, the last native king of Tondo, on Rizal’s maternal side.

What was the effect of the Galleon trade on the Philippines?

Linked the Philippines with Mexico; increased intercultural exchange but reduced local production and altered economic dynamics.