APUSH CH 29 Identification Prompts

Underwood Tariff

(1913) tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax

sig: established gradual income tax

Federal Reserve Act

set up a system of federal banks to solve the inelasticity of money during crisis.

sig: gave gov power to control money supply

Federal Trade Commission Act

1914-government agency established to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy, support antitrust suits

sig: oversaw interstate commerce industries

Clayton Anti-trust act

1914- law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations, holding companies were now heavily regulated to ensure the economy was fair and healthy

sig: lengthened the Sherman Act's list of objectable business practices

holding company

company that doesn't manufacture, sell, or conduct any business operations. they controlling stock in other companies

(modern example=Proctor & Gamble (P&G)- owns Dawn, Tide, Bounty, Tide, Pampers, etc.)

sig: significantly hurt by Clayton anti-trust act as now heavily regulated

Workingmen's Compensation Act

1916-granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

sig: step towards workers rights

Adamson Act

1916- established an 8hr/ day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime.

sig: 1st federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies

Jones Act

1916 - granted Philippines territory status and promised independence once a stable government was established. Didn't gain independence until 30 yrs later

sig: represented Wilson's anti-imperialistic views

Tampico Incident

An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914.

sig: tensions btwn US+Mexico rose

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Bulgaria

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

U-Boats

German submarines, 1st of its kind, so no radar had been developed

sig: sunk many passanger ships, angering the allies b/c they saw it as unmoral, drew US towards War

the Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat in 1915. 128 Americans died.

sig: greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Zimmerman Note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

sig: inflamed public opinion abt the war, and moved public opinion towards war

Fourteen Points

Speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson in 1918, explaining to Congress and the nation that WWI was being fought for a just cause+Wilson's proposal for postwar European peace.

sig: put Wilson in global opinion as the moral leader of the allies

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war, used propaganda to fuel

sig: pushed many americans to rally in support of the war

Espionage and Sedition Acts

enacted in 1917 and 1918, imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI

sig: to corral US behind common cause, b/c US couldn't fight internally and externally simultaneously

Schnek v US

supreme court case that allowed limiting of speech if there is clear and present danger (WWI)

sig: confirmed legality of the espionage and sedition acts

War Industries Board (WIB)

The federal agency that reorganized industry for maximum efficiency and productivity during WWI

sig: fell apart quickly but foreshadowed gov attempt to control economy during crisis

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Founded in 1905, this radical union, aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

sig: pushed for social justice and labor movement

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs and economic opportunity

sig: one of the largest movements of people in United States history

Ninteenth Amendment

Guarenteed women the right to vote in 1920

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

Designed to appeal to new women voters, act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare.

sig: provided support to states for prenatal and infant health care

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

American troops in Europe; led by John J. Pershing

sig: crucial during end of the war because they had fresh moral that the europeans lacked, Significantly helped France on the Western Front

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

German Breach on the Western Front

sig: first significant engagement ment of US troops in WWI

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

in World War I, the final Allied offensive that brought about the end of the war

sig: ended war

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations in the hopes of avoiding future conflict

sig: first international org aimed at world peace, failed and ultimately lead to WW2

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans for the damages caused

sig: formally ended WWI, but angered many germans partially contributing to WWII

Irreconcilables

opposed treaty b/c they didn't want to commit to the league of nation

sig: major reason why US didn't sign treaty until 1921