Studied by 41 people
Diabetes: Fasting plasma glucose level
greater than or equal to 126
Diabetes: Plasma glucose level
greater than or equal to 200
Prediabetes: Impaired fasting glucose
100-125
Prediabetes: impaired glucose tolerance
140-199
Diabetes: Impaired glucose tolerance level
greater than or equal to 200
Diabetes: A1C level
greater than 6.5%
Prediabetes: A1c level
5.7-6.4%
What percentage of cases are type 1
5%
What percentage of cases are type II
90%
Type I diabetes: deficiency of the ____ ____ of insulin producing ____ cells
autoimmune destruction, beta
What age range is for type 1
less than 30
what age range is for type II
over 30 and most above 60
Does exercise prevent or cure type 1 diabetes
no
What does exercise reduce for type 1 diabetes
reduced risk of CVD
What percentage does exercise prevent type 2 diabetes by
30-50%
Benefits of exercise: lower ______ ____ _____, improves ____ _____ and ____ ____, reduces risk of _____, ______, _____, and ____, improves _____ ___ _____, and ______ ______
fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, CVD, dyslipidemia, HTN, obesity, quality of life, stress management
Risks of exercise (6)
hypoglycemia, worsening of hyperglycemia, cardiovascular accidents, degenerative joint disease, microvascular damage, orthopedic injury
Precaution: measure blood glucose ________ ____ and ______ min after exercise
immediately before, 15
Precaution: Consume carbohydrates id glucose is
less than 100
Precaution: _____ insulin does and inject into _______ _______
reduce, inactive areas
Precaution: Consume carbohydrates (- g) after exercise
5-30
Precaution: avoid exercise ______ __ ____ because ________ can occur while sleeping
late at night, hypoglycemia
Precaution: extend _____ __ and ______ _____ if needed
warm up, cool down
aerobic exercise and diabetes: frequency
3-7 days per week (no more than 2 consecutive inactive days)
aerobic exercise and diabetes: intensity
40-85% VO2R or HRR, RPE: 12-16
aerobic exercise and diabetes: time
30-60 min
aerobic exercise and diabetes: type
rhythmic, large-muscles-group activities
resistance training: frequency
2-3 days per week
resistance training: intensity
60-80% of 1 RM, RPE 11-15
resistance training: time
1-3 sets of 8-12 reps (10-15 reps initially)
resistance training: type
4-5 upper body, 4-5 lower body and core exercises
Metabolic Syndrome X: conditions in which several ____ ____ disease risk factors are ____ ____
coronary heart, clustered together
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: SBP
135
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: DBP
85
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting glucose
100
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting HDL for men
<40
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting HDL for women
<50
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting triglycerides
150
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: waist circumference for men
40
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: waist circumference for women
35
How many risk factors of metabolic syndrome x confirm diagnosis
3
Frequency for aerobic exercise with a pulmonary patient
3-5 days a week, just below VT, noticeably dyspneic
4 types of COPD
bronchial asthmas, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis
Causes of asthma
allergic reactions to antigens, emotional stress and exercise, viral infections of the bronchi, sinuses, or tonsil
COPD is the ____ leading cause of death
4th
Bronchodilators
help with bronchospasms
Expectorants
thin mucous secretions and help eject them
For EIA, the FEV1 is ____% below pretest value
15
For EIA, what are the best environment
warm and moist, with long warm-ups
What is the best exercise for EIA
swimming
Chronic bronchitis is
inflammation of the bronchi
Most common risk factor for chronic bronchitis is
cigarette smoking
Emphysema is
the destruction of alveolar walls; enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
Emphysema: lungs ____ ______ and airways ____ on _______
loses elasticity, collapse, exhalation
Causes of emphysema
cigarette smoking, environmental pollutions, hereditary deficiency
What type of breathing is used for emphysema
pursed lip
What is cystic fibrosis
mucous secretions plug airways causing inflammation-related chronic bacterial infections
What is restrictive disease
reduced capacity to expand lungs
causes of restrictive disease
Diseases of rib cage and spine, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, exposure to toxic substances, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, neuromuscular diseases
Benefits of exercise training: _____ improvement in ________, _________ _____ ____, and _____ ______
little, VO2max, pulmonary function tests, mortality rates
Benefits of exercise training: improved ability to carry out ____ ___ _____ ____ and in other measures of quality of life
activities of daily living
What is forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
maximum air expired in 1 sec
What is vital capacity (vc)
volume of air exhaled when going from maximal inhalation to maximal exhalation
Normal FEV/ FVC
80%
COPD patients should have a SaO2 reading of
90%
COPD patients should do aerobic exercise - days a week
3-5
COPD patients should do strength training - days a week, - sets of ____ reps, - reps for endurance
2-3, 2-4, 10, 15-20
Tachycardia
heart rate above 100
bradycardia
heart rate below 60
What does ST depression indicate
myocardial ischemia
What is the P wave
atrial depolarization
What is a normal P wave
normal is upright
What is a QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
What is a normal QRS complex
less than 0.12 seconds or 3 boxes
What is the T wave
ventricular repolarization
What is a normal T wave
normal is upright
What is the PR interval
the initation of the impulse and movement through the AV node (SA-->AV node)
What is a normal PR interval
0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 boxes)
If PR interval is lower than 0.20 then it means
AV block
If PR interval is less than 0.12 then it means
other than the SA node initiated the heartbeat
What is the sinoatrial node
the heart's natural pacemaker
What is the heart rate range of the SA
60-100 bpm
What is the atrioventricular node
the bridge between the atria and the ventricles
What is the heart rate range of the AV node
40-60 bpm
Time across, each small box =____
0.04 seconds
Each large box contains 5 small box= _____
0.20 seconds
Below the imaginary isoelectric line =
ischemia
Above the imaginary isoelectric line =
injury or infarct
What does a significant q wave demonstrate
myocardial infarction
Type 1: _____ of insulin production
lack
Type 2: _____ insulin sensitivity
reduce
Note 
Flashcard (102)