KINE 1300 Exam 4

Diabetes: Fasting plasma glucose level

greater than or equal to 126

Diabetes: Plasma glucose level

greater than or equal to 200

Prediabetes: Impaired fasting glucose

100-125

Prediabetes: impaired glucose tolerance

140-199

Diabetes: Impaired glucose tolerance level

greater than or equal to 200

Diabetes: A1C level

greater than 6.5%

Prediabetes: A1c level

5.7-6.4%

What percentage of cases are type 1

5%

What percentage of cases are type II

90%

Type I diabetes: deficiency of the ____ ____ of insulin producing ____ cells

autoimmune destruction, beta

What age range is for type 1

less than 30

what age range is for type II

over 30 and most above 60

Does exercise prevent or cure type 1 diabetes

no

What does exercise reduce for type 1 diabetes

reduced risk of CVD

What percentage does exercise prevent type 2 diabetes by

30-50%

Benefits of exercise: lower ______ ____ _____, improves ____ _____ and ____ ____, reduces risk of _____, ______, _____, and ____, improves _____ ___ _____, and ______ ______

fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, CVD, dyslipidemia, HTN, obesity, quality of life, stress management

Risks of exercise (6)

hypoglycemia, worsening of hyperglycemia, cardiovascular accidents, degenerative joint disease, microvascular damage, orthopedic injury

Precaution: measure blood glucose ________ ____ and ______ min after exercise

immediately before, 15

Precaution: Consume carbohydrates id glucose is

less than 100

Precaution: _____ insulin does and inject into _______ _______

reduce, inactive areas

Precaution: Consume carbohydrates (____-____ g) after exercise

5-30

Precaution: avoid exercise ______ __ ____ because ________ can occur while sleeping

late at night, hypoglycemia

Precaution: extend _____ __ and ______ _____ if needed

warm up, cool down

aerobic exercise and diabetes: frequency

3-7 days per week (no more than 2 consecutive inactive days)

aerobic exercise and diabetes: intensity

40-85% VO2R or HRR, RPE: 12-16

aerobic exercise and diabetes: time

30-60 min

aerobic exercise and diabetes: type

rhythmic, large-muscles-group activities

resistance training: frequency

2-3 days per week

resistance training: intensity

60-80% of 1 RM, RPE 11-15

resistance training: time

1-3 sets of 8-12 reps (10-15 reps initially)

resistance training: type

4-5 upper body, 4-5 lower body and core exercises

Metabolic Syndrome X: conditions in which several ____ ____ disease risk factors are ____ ____

coronary heart, clustered together

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: SBP

>135

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: DBP

>85

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting glucose

>100

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting HDL for men

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting HDL for women

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: fasting triglycerides

>150

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: waist circumference for men

>40

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome x: waist circumference for women

>35

How many risk factors of metabolic syndrome x confirm diagnosis

3

Frequency for aerobic exercise with a pulmonary patient

3-5 days a week, just below VT, noticeably dyspneic

4 types of COPD

bronchial asthmas, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis

Causes of asthma

allergic reactions to antigens, emotional stress and exercise, viral infections of the bronchi, sinuses, or tonsil

COPD is the ____ leading cause of death

4th

Bronchodilators

help with bronchospasms

Expectorants

thin mucous secretions and help eject them

For EIA, the FEV1 is ____% below pretest value

15

For EIA, what are the best environment

warm and moist, with long warm-ups

What is the best exercise for EIA

swimming

Chronic bronchitis is

inflammation of the bronchi

Most common risk factor for chronic bronchitis is

cigarette smoking

Emphysema is

the destruction of alveolar walls; enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles

Emphysema: lungs ____ ______ and airways ____ on _______

loses elasticity, collapse, exhalation

Causes of emphysema

cigarette smoking, environmental pollutions, hereditary deficiency

What type of breathing is used for emphysema

pursed lip

What is cystic fibrosis

mucous secretions plug airways causing inflammation-related chronic bacterial infections

What is restrictive disease

reduced capacity to expand lungs

causes of restrictive disease

Diseases of rib cage and spine, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, exposure to toxic substances, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, neuromuscular diseases

Benefits of exercise training: _____ improvement in ________, _________ _____ ____, and _____ ______

little, VO2max, pulmonary function tests, mortality rates

Benefits of exercise training: improved ability to carry out ____ ___ _____ ____ and in other measures of quality of life

activities of daily living

What is forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

maximum air expired in 1 sec

What is vital capacity (vc)

volume of air exhaled when going from maximal inhalation to maximal exhalation

Normal FEV/ FVC

80%

COPD patients should have a SaO2 reading of

>90%

COPD patients should do aerobic exercise _____-_____ days a week

3-5

COPD patients should do strength training _____-____ days a week, __-___ sets of ____ reps, ____-____ reps for endurance

2-3, 2-4, 10, 15-20

Tachycardia

heart rate above 100

bradycardia

heart rate below 60

What does ST depression indicate

myocardial ischemia

What is the P wave

atrial depolarization

What is a normal P wave

normal is upright

What is a QRS complex

ventricular depolarization

What is a normal QRS complex

less than 0.12 seconds or 3 boxes

What is the T wave

ventricular repolarization

What is a normal T wave

normal is upright

What is the PR interval

the initation of the impulse and movement through the AV node (SA-->AV node)

What is a normal PR interval

0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 boxes)

If PR interval is lower than 0.20 then it means

AV block

If PR interval is less than 0.12 then it means

other than the SA node initiated the heartbeat

What is the sinoatrial node

the heart's natural pacemaker

What is the heart rate range of the SA

60-100 bpm

What is the atrioventricular node

the bridge between the atria and the ventricles

What is the heart rate range of the AV node

40-60 bpm

Time across, each small box =____

0.04 seconds

Each large box contains 5 small box= _____

0.20 seconds

Below the imaginary isoelectric line =

ischemia

Above the imaginary isoelectric line =

injury or infarct

What does a significant q wave demonstrate

myocardial infarction

Type 1: _____ of insulin production

lack

Type 2: _____ insulin sensitivity

reduce