anatomy exam 1
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/181
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
182 Terms
What is the study of Anatomy and what does it include
the study of the structure of body parts and their relation to one another
what is cytology
the study of cells
what is histology
the study of tissues
What is Physiology
the function of body parts
why is homeostasis important
it is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, cells and organs work better when your body is in the correct range
what is a feedback loop
when your body says “something changed, let’s fix it”
what does a receptor do
it detects a change in your body
what does the control center do
it decides what needs to change in your body
what does the effector do
it does something to fix the change
what is a negative feedback loop (most important type for homeostasis)
it reverses or opposes the original change
example: you are cold outside, your temp is too low, temp needs to go up, so muscles shiver to produce heat
what is a positive feedback loop
it increases or reinforces the original change
example: you cut yourself, platelets are activated a lot, then a blood clot forms and seals the wound
what is organization (1 of 7 characteristics of life)
when living things are made up of cells
what is metabolism (1 of 7 characteristics of life)
when living things obtain and use materials and energy from the environment (building and breaking down things in the body)
what is the metabolism equation
anabolism (construct) + catabolism (breakdown)
what is natural selection
organisms with traits that help them survive are more likely to survive and reproduce
what is a stimuli
a change or signal that causes the body to respond
what is the function of muscle tissue
movement
what is the function of nervous tissue
signal
what is the function of connective tissue
support
what is the function of epithelial tissue
cover
what is an organ
two or more tissues working together
what is the integumentary system
the skin, hair, and nails protect underlying tissue
what is the muscular system
the skeletal muscles move your bones
what is the skeletal system
the bones provide a frame to support and protect body parts
what is the cardiovascular system
the heart pumps blood through all your blood vessels
what is the respiratory system
lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
what is the urinary system
removes wastes from the blood and regulates the body’s fluids
what is the nervous system
receives and sends electrical messages throughout the body
what is the lymphatic system
returns leaked fluids to blood vessels. It also helps you get rid of germs that can ham you
what is the digestive system
breaks down the food you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your body
what is the endocrine system
glands regulate body functions by sending out chemical messengers. the ovaries, in females, and testes, in males, are part of this system
what is a gradient
when there is more of something in one area then another
how do cells communicate to accomplish functions
they communicate through electrical or chemical signals
how does the endocrine system use cell-cell communication
a gland releases a hormone, the hormone travels through the blood, it reaches a target cell, the target cell responds
what is an atomic number
it is equivalent to the number of protons
what is the atomic mass
protons + neutrons
which subatomic particles are responsible for making an atom ionic
electrons
what determines the chemical properties of an atom?
the number of valence electrons
what is an ionic bond
when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (NaCl)
what is a nonpolar covalent bond
when electrons are shared equally between atoms (O2)
what is a polar covalent bond
when are electrons are shared unequally between atoms (H2O)
what is a hydrogen bond
a weak attraction between polar molecules (H2O)
what are the major elements on the periodic table
C,H,O,N
what are the major groups on the periodic table
metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
what is an isotope
atoms that differ only in the number of neutrons (and mass)
what is a radioisotope
unstable isotopes that give off radiation as they decay.
what is gallium-67 (radioisotope) used for
it is used in medical diagnosis
what is iodine-63 (radioisotope) used for
used to diagnose thyroid disorder and other brain disorders
what is iodine-125 (radioisotope) used for
it is a major diagnostic tool that detects thyroid disorders and used in biomedical research
what are electrolytes
ions in water that can conduct electricity
which type of bond is least likely to dissolve in water
a nonpolar covalent bond because like dissolves like and water is polar
what is chemical energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds
what is electrical energy
the flow of ions
what is mechanical energy
energy directly transferred from one object to another
what is an endergonic reaction
products have higher energy than reactants: requires energy input
what is an exergonic reaction
reactants have higher energy than products: releases energy
what is anabolism
building things up
what it is catabolism
breaking things down
decomposition reaction
AB —→ A + B
synthesis reaction
A + B —→
exchange reaction
AB + CD —→ AC + BD
what is organic chemistry
when compounds contain carbon bonded hydrogen
what is inorganic chemistry
when compounds do not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen
what must happen for a chemical reaction to occur
reactants must come into contact with each other and reactant must overcome the repulsive forces of their electrons
how do catalysts influence reaction rates
they lower the activation energy
how does temperature influence reaction rates
increasing temperature speeds up a reaction
what will happen when you increase a substrate in a reaction
the reaction will speed up
what will happen when you increase product in a reaction
the reaction will slow down
why is water the universal solvent
because water is polar
what is hydrophobic
does not like water and is usually nonpolar
what s hydrophilic
likes water and is usually polar or charged
how do hydration spheres work
they keep ions disassociated and allow movement and interaction with other ions
what is pH
it describes the concentration of H+ ions in a solution or the acidity
how does a pH buffer work
it releases H+ into a solution when pH rises
it binds H+ out of solution when pH falls
Where are carboxyl and methyl groups found
in lipids and amino acids
where are hydroxyl groups found
in carbohydrates
where are phosphate groups found
in nucleic acids
what is dehydration synthesis
an anabolic reaction in which two monomers are connected by a covalent bond and a water molecule is formed/released
what is a hydrolysis reaction
a catabolic reaction in which the covalent bond connecting monomers is broken by adding water
what are some examples of different types of lipids
fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids
what are saturated fatty acids
they have no double bonds and are generally solid at room temperature
what are unsaturated fatty acids
they have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature
what are the components of a phospholipid
glycerol backbone
two fatty acid tails
one phosphate head
what do fibrous proteins do
they provide structural strength in the body
what do globular proteins do
enzyme, transport, and have cell messaging
what characteristic does a phosphate head have
it is hydrophilic
what characteristic do fatty acid tails have
they are hydrophobic
what does DNA have
heredity material or genes
what is RNA
transcription and translation
what is ATP
adenosine triphosphate
why is ATP important
it is the main source of chemical energy in the body
What happens when the terminal phosphate is removed from ATP?
ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP + Pi, releasing energy in a exergonic reaction
what is transcription
when RNA copies the recipe for a specific protein from a gene in DNA
what is translation
when RNA exits the nucleus to make protein
what is cell theory
it states that all living organisms are composed of cells
the cell is the most basic unit of life
all cells come from preexisting cells
what are the basic components of a cell
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
what is the fluid mosaic model (cell membrane model)
it is a flexible layer of lipid molecules with proteins embedded throughout it
what percentage of lipids make up the cell membrane
98
what percentage of phospholipids make up the cell membrane
75