Perspectives in Latin America Final

What statement about Bermuda follows in line with our definition of Latin America? (quiz 2)

Bermuda shares a similar culture with English speaking Caribbean Islands

The creole language of the Black, Mulatto and Zambo community of Aruba, Bonaire and Curazao is called

Papiamento

The Organization of American States (OAS) is supposed to include all free and independent countries (states) of the Americas. The only non Latin American members of the OAS are Canada and the United States. How many members should have the OAS? Answer with numbers, not words.

35

The prevalent phenotypes in the Lesser Antilles are

mulatto and black

The only non Spanish-speaking country in Central America is

Belize

The fact that five European languages are spoken in the Caribbean indicates that

there was a huge struggle to control the Caribbean

How many archipielagos are there in Latin America? There are ____________ (please enter a number. not words).

2

The name of the first place where Columbus and his crew arrived in their first voyage has three names. The indigenous name is _________ , the Spanish name is _________, and the English name is __________.

Guanahani

San Salvador

Watling

The total population of Latin America at the end of 2019 is about

650 million

The Lucayan islands refers to _______________________________________ (name of a country).

Bahamas

What are the prevalent phenotypes in the Andean region (the plateaus and highlands of Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru, for example)?

indigenous and mestizo

There are _______________________ (enter a number, not words) Spanish speaking countries in Latin America.

19

Another name for possession or territory is

colony

There are two countries in Latin America that do not have an autonomous access to the sea. One of them is ________, who has access through a river that crosses through other countries. The other one is _______, who has no access at all.

Paraguay

Bolivia

Islas Malvinas is the Spanish name for __________. This territory is in possession of _________, who took it away from Argentina in 1834. In 1983, Argentina went to war, but did not regained the Malvinas.

Falklands

United Kingdom

There are 13 countries in South America. One of them is not a free a free country. This country is ______________.

French Guiana

When defining Latin America and its peoples, the most inclusive and integrative criterion is (quiz 3)

cultural history and geography

Which one does not belong to this set: latifundium, land reform, poverty, oligarchy, monoculture?

poverty

From the point of view of structural and non structural problems experienced by most underdeveloped Latin American countries, which one is a structural problem?

raw material exports

From the point of view of problems experienced by most underdeveloped Latin American countries, which one is not a structural problem?

corruption

The practice of an economy relying in only one single product or crop is called

monoculture

The practice of diversifying the production is practiced by

metropolitan countries

International law prohibits colonialism. Nevertheless, rich countries look for ways to subject free countries to their hegemony, for example through loans, threats, economic sanctions, and even blackmail. This new form of economic domination is called

neocolonialism

Once England became the leader of the industrial revolution, it started practicing free trade, but at the beginning of its incipient industry, it practiced the opposite economic doctrine, which is called

protectionism (the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports)

The three developing countries of Latin America are

Brazil

Mexico

Argentina

Which of the following is a raw material?

sugar

Which of the following is a manufacture?

boots

The direct intervention and control of a country by a foreign country is called

colonialism

The concentration of huge extensions of land in hands of one person or a a few persons is called

latifundium

Gone are the days / when my heart was young and gay / gone are my friends / from the cotton fields away / [...] I hear gentles voices calling Old Black Joe.... From a socioeconomic perspective, this song makes reference to

the period of slavery in the U.S.A.

The main export of Venezuela is

oil

The main cause of the Civil War in the United States was

to eradicate latifundia and monoculture, and unify the country

Colonialism is to neocolonialism as liberalism is to ________________.

or

colonialism : neocolonialism

liberalism : _________________

neoliberalism

In the summit of Port Spain, Trinidad-Tobago in 2009, ________________________

gave President Obama a book (Open Veins of Latin America).

President Hugo Chávez from Venezuela

The first process of colonization in the Americas took place about _______________ years ago. (quiz 4)

10 000

One revolutionary result of agriculture was

division of labor became possible.

Mesoamerica included the following modern countries or regions:

central and southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador

When the Spaniards invaded the Americas, the Indigenous peoples of the Americas were in the ___________________________ period.

Postclassic

The dominant Mesoamerican state in Ancient America Classic period was

Teotihuacán

Social stratification was more developed in the

state

Economic life in Aztec Mexico rested on a base of

intensive and extensive agriculture.

The main integrating force in the Classic period of Ancient America was the

priesthood.

The two civilizations more representative of the Postclassic period are the _________ and the ________.

Aztecs

Incas

The most important of all domesticated plants in Ancient America was _______.

maize

Other domesticated plants in Ancient America were manioc, also called _________, a starchy root cultivated by the Tainos, Caribs and Chibchas in the tropics, and the _______ in Peru.

yuca

potato

Olmec civilization is characterized by

stone carving of colossal round heads

The Postclassic period in Ancient America is characterized by

chronic warfare

Which of these stages of political, social and economic organization facilitated the appearance of more or less egalitarian societies?

the tribe

The Popol Vuh is the sacred book of the

Mayans

Tradition 7 of the Popol Vuh states that finally, human beings were made out of _______________, and they developed deep roots that grew deep into earth, and they lasted forever.

maize

A serious weakness of slash-and-burn farming was that it

soon exhausted the soil.

Latin American men and women are attached to land, and they need it to survive. They cannot be deprived of a piece of land to cultivate their corn, squash, beans, pumpkins and other vegetables and fruits. This passage underscores the main problem of current Latin American societies, which is

the implementation of an agrarian reform

Two aboriginal peoples of the Iberian Peninsula are (quiz 5)

the Iberians and the Celts

There are two countries in the Iberian Peninsula: located at the Atlantic coast in the west band is _______, and bordering the Mediterranean in the east coast is ______.

Portugal

Spain

The _______ invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 215 BCE, and imposed their language, culture, institutions, laws and values. The name of the language they spoke was _______, which gave birth to Spanish

Romans

Latin

The Muslims or Arabs invaded the Iberian Peninsula in

711 CE

The Christian kingdoms presented their Reconquest War against the Muslims as a religious crusade. Nevertheless, when they united and started the war against the Muslims, their real purpose was to "regain their lose ______ and _______"

lands

serfs

The Inquisition was

a church tribunal to burn heretics in the bonfire

One of the wort measures of the Catholic Sovereigns in Spain was the expulsion of the _________, who were excellent merchants, and the exposition of the _________, who controlled the banks and finances of the kingdom.

Muslims

Jews

Before going to Castile to ask for support for his project, Columbus had gone to _________, but the king's advisors rejected his proposal.

Portugal

Vasco da Gama, at the service of Portugal circumnavigated

Africa

Vasca da Gama came back from Asia with a shipload of ________, and he was honored by the Portuguese court.

spices

On August 3, 1492, from Puerto de Palos, Spain, Columbus and his crew sailed _________, looking for a path to Asia

westward

The indigenous name of the island where the Spaniards built the Christmas Fortress (el Fortin de la Navidad) is

Quisqueya

Columbus made ____ voyages to the Americas, but he never found a path to Asia

4

The path to Asia, navigating westward, was found by

Ferdinand Magellan

Navigating westward to the Pacific Ocean, the Spaniards with the captain arrived to Guam and

the Phillipines

It took the Portuguese captain and his crew, at the service of Spain, _____ years to circumnavigate the earth, thus proving that the earth was round.

3

In 1519, Hernan Cortes sailed from _______ in order to conquer Mexico

Cuba

One of the factors that contributed to the success of the Spaniards when they arrived to the coast of Mexico was that (quiz 6)

Cortes made alliances with the Aztec's enemies

The name Malinche, the Mayan girl who served Cortes as interpreter, advisor, spy and mistress

is synonym of treason for Mexican people

The capital of the Aztec empire was

Tenochtitlan

The fact that Moctezuma mistook Cortes for Quetzalcoatli implies that

Moctezuma was overwhelmed by religious beliefs

In his way to meet Moctezuma, Cortes made an alliance with _________, a state that had not been vanquished by the Aztecs

Tlaxcala

The fact that Diego Velazquez had sent 900 men from Cuba to capture Cortes implies that

there were internal divisions among the Spanish forces in the Americas

While Cortes went down to the coast to subdue the soldiers sent by Diego Velazquez, Cortes' lieutenant Pedro de Alvarado, and the Spaniards

committed a massacre against the Aztec nobility

All the Spaniards who gained gold and other riches in the Americas had to separate a part for the king. This share was

one fifth

AS far as the death of Moctezuma is concerned, which of the following statements is true?

The versions of his death differ, but signals of steel sword wounds were found in his body

The conquerer of the Inca empire was

Francisco Pizarro

The main reason why Atahualpa was captured in Cajamarca was because

Atahualpa underestimated the mass striking power of the small Spanish force

The ransom paid by Atahualpa for his liberation was

a large room filled with gold up to the ceiling

The last Aztec emperor, who was tortured by the Spaniards was

Cuauhtemec

The last Inca Emperor, captured and executed in 1572 was

Tupac Amaru

Which one was a main cause of the defeat of the Aztecs and the Incas?

divisions among the indigenous peoples

Which one IS NOT a main cause of the defeat of the Aztecs and the Incas

too much time spent building irrigation systems

At the time of the conquest of Peru, the Inca Empire

was engaged in a civil war between two brothers

After the defeat of the Indigenous peoples in the Americas

the resistance has continued until today

The massacres committed by Nicolas de Ovando in Hispaniola, Henan Cortes in Cholula and Pedro de Alvarado in Tenochititlan, as well as other great captains in the conquest of the Americas, lead us to conclude that

they should have been tried as war criminals

The encomienda was (quiz 7)

the assignment to a colonist of a group of natives to serve him with tribute and labor.

The Requerimiento

obligated indigenous peoples, on pain of war, to acknowledge Spain's sovereignty and the supremacy of the church.

Bartolomé de Las Casas proclaimed that

all Spanish conquests and wars in the New World were illegal.

Between 1519 and 1605, the indigenous population of central Mexico declined by about

90%

The repartimiento

sought to regulate the use of an ever-diminishing pool of indigenous labor.

African slaves were principally employed in

plantation agriculture.

The colonial economy was

a mixture of feudal and capitalist elements.

Until the eighteenth century, legal commerce with the Indies

was restricted to Vera Cruz, Cartagena and Nombre de Dios.

The silver mine of Potosi was located at

Bolivia (Upper Peru in the 1500's).

The asiento was a

royal contract with a foreign company to sell Black slaves in Spanish colonies.

A major cause of the encomienda decline was

the catastrophic decline of the indigenous population in the sixteenth century.

Bartolome de las Casas was

a friar who defended the human rights of Indigenous peoples