Final Cumulative Exam Practice

The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that

Multiple Choice

1. proteins are not a part of the membrane.

2. the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.

3. cholesterol forms the outermost layer of the membrane.

4. proteins form a "liquid" sea in the membrane.

5. phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the
   membrane.

2. the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.

An organelle is

Multiple Choice

1. the basic structural unit of all living organisms.

2. a group of organs with a common set of functions.

3. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

4. a small structure within a cell.

5. a structure composed of several tissue types.

4

The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a/an

Multiple Choice

1. chemical bond

2. atom

3. electron

4. orbital

5. proton

2

Cephalic means

Multiple Choice

1. away from the surface.

2. toward the middle or midline of the body.

3. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.

4. closer to the head.

5. toward the back of the body.

4

Homeostasis is defined as

Multiple Choice

1. the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.

2. an amplification of deviation from the normal range.

3. the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

4. a condition in the body that does not involve fluctuation.

5. the production of energy by cells.

3

Match the molecule with the correct process in protein production.

1. Contains the information necessary to produce proteins through gene expression (____)

2. Carries amino acids to the ribosome (____)

3. Contains the information from DNA known as the genetic code (___)

4. Is combined with proteins to make ribosomes (__)

Options: tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, DNA

1. DNA

2. tRNA

3. mRNA

4. rRNA

In the anatomical position, the

Multiple Choice

1. body is erect with the head turned to the right.

2. arms are crossed over the chest.

3. palms of the hands face anteriorly.

4. thumbs point to the midline of the body.

5. palms of the hands face posteriorly.

3

Identify the functions of the integumentary system.

Check All That Apply (more than 1 answer)

1. Blood cell production

2. Resistance to infection

3. Sensation of environmental stimuli

4. Thermoregulation

5. Vitamin E synthesis

2, 3, 4, 5

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

1. The ph scale is a measure of oxygen concentration in a solution.

2. The pH scale indicates the concentration of H+ in a solution.

3. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

4. Neutral solutions have a pH of 7.

5. Solutions with a ph greater than 7 are acidic.

6. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic (alkaline).

1. False

2. True

3. True

4. True

5. False

6. True

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

Multiple Choice

1. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

2. calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium.

3. carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium.

4. carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc.

5. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron.

1

A tissue is a

Multiple Choice

1. structure contained within a cell.

2. group of cells with similar structure and function.

3. structure that contains a group of organs.

4. group of organs that performs specific functions.

5. lower level of organization than a cell.

2

Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?

Multiple Choice

1. Ligand-gated ion channels

2. Cadherins.

3. ATP-powered pumps

4. Leak-ion channels

3

The superficial layer of epithelium of the skin is called the

Multiple Choice

1. dermis

2. epidermis

3. hypodermis

4. papillary layer

5. mesodermis

2

Label the following anatomical position

Which of the following best describes a proton?

Multiple Choice

1. One negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals

2. One positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus

3. Subatomic particle with no electric charge

4. No charge, mass of one, found in nucleus

5. None of the choices are correct.

2

Anatomy is

Multiple Choice

1. the study of structure.

2. the study of living organisms.

3. the study of function.

4. a branch of physiology.

5. the study of homeostasis.

1

What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

Multiple Choice

1. Transverse

2. Frontal

3. Coronal

4. Median

4

A protein called ____ is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis.

Multiple Choice

1. keratin

2. carotene

3. melanin

4. collagen

5. elastin

1

The term "dorsal" means

Multiple Choice

1. farther from the point of attachment to the body.

2. toward the back of the body.

3. away from the midline.

4. to lie with the anterior surface down.

5. toward the front of the body.

2

A cell is

Multiple Choice

1. a group of organs with a common set of functions.

2. a group of atoms with similar structure and function.

3. a structure composed of several tissue types.

4. a small structure within a molecule.

5. the basic structural unit of living organisms.

5

Identify the body planes

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the

Multiple Choice

1. ribosome

2. cell

3. plasma membrane

4. organelle

5. organ

2

Explain: the ORGANELLE would not be the strucutural and functional unit of ALL living organisms because BACTERIA DON’T HAVE ORGANELLES and they’re still a part of living organisms

Which of the following describes the position of the nose?

Multiple Choice

1. Superior to the mouth

2. Superior to the forehead

3. Lateral to the eyes

4. Inferior to the chin

5. Posterior to the ears

1

The primary determinant for skin color is the __________ not the ________

Options: number of melanocytes, amount of melanin

Amount of melanin; number of melanocytes

Explanation in CH 5 notion page

Complete the following sentences.

The time between cell divisions is called ____

Cytokinesis is completed at the end of ____.

Chromosomes align along the equator during __

Chromosomes begin migrating towards poles of the cell during ____

Options: anaphase, metaphase, interphase, telophase

1. Interphase

2. Telophase (it starts during anaphase)

3. Metaphase

4. Anaphase

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

Multiple Choice

1. substances need carier molecules to pass through it.

2. ATP is always needed to move molecules acrois the plasma membrane.

3. substances need permission to pass through it.

4. only gases and water can pass throughit.

5. only certain substances can pass through it.

5

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

Multiple Choice

1. stratum lucidum

2. stratum corneum

3. stratum dermum

4. stratum granulosum

5. stratum basale

5

Explain: Remember “Come Let’s Get Sun Burnt”. This would explain the superficial to deep layer of the skin

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

Multiple Choice

1. Lipid production

2. Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

3. Vitamin A production

4. Regulation of body pH

5. Vitamin C production

2

Match the description with the appropriate term.

1. Solutions with the same concentration of solute particles are called _______

2. If one solution has a greater concentration of solute particles than the other it is _____

3. The solution with the lower osmotic pressure is __

4. If a cell is placed in a solution and it shrinks, the solution is ____

5. If a cell is placed in a solution and it swells, the solution is ___

6. If a cell is placed in a solution and it neither swells nor shrinks, the solution is _____

Options: Isotonic, Isosmotic, Hyperosmotic, Hyposmotic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic

1. Isosmotic

2. Hyperosmotic

3. Hyposmotic

4. Hypertonic

5. Hypotonic

6. Isotonic

Explain: if something is HYPERTONIC, there’s A LOT OF WATER INSIDE THE CELL, making the cell SHRINK because the water is going to go to the area that lacks water concentration

For HYPOTONIC, there’s going to be very LITTLE water concentration INSIDE CELL, so the cell is going to BURST because there’s going to be lot more water going inside

In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the through the ____ and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse ____

Multiple Choice

1. None of the choices are correct.

2. lipid bilayer; membrane channels

3. membrane channels; membrane channels

4. membrane channels; lipid bilayer

5. lipid bilayer; lipid bilayer

4

The mass number of an atom is the number of

Multiple Choice

1. electrons plus neutrons in the atom.

2. protons in the atom.

3. neutrons plus protons in the ator.

4. neutrons in the atom.

5. protons plus electrons in the atom.

3

Posterior means

Multiple Choice

1. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.

2. away from the surface.

3. closer to the head.

4. toward the back of the body.

5. toward the middle or midline of the body.

4

Complete the sentences by selecting the correct terms from the dropdown menus.

1. Anything that has weight and takes up space is defined as _____ .

2. The ____ of each element have unique structures (unique number of protons, neutrons, a
   electrons).

3. When atoms of different elements chemically unite to form molecules, they form molecules of a _____

Options: atoms, matter, compound

1. Matter

2. atom

3. Compound

Medial means

Multiple Choice

1. toward the middle or midline of the body.

2. toward the back of the body.

3. away from the surface.

4. closer to the head.

5. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.

1

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is _

Multiple Choice

1. distal

2. superficial

3. lateral

4. medial

5. proximal|

3

Label the following

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

Multiple Choice

1. Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum

2. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

3. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

4. Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum

5. Stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum

2

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

Multiple Choice

1. enhances the original stimulus.

2. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

3. nas no chest on ine onciner sumu us.

4. Is usually damaging to the body.

5. reverses the original stimulus.

5

The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of

Multiple Choice

1. active transport

2. tnration|

3. osmosis

4. dialysis

5. diffusion

5

Explain: this is diffusion because the aroma of the cookies have a HIGHER CONCENTRATION AT THE KITCHEN, but then it starts to move to an area with LOW concentration, hence the reason why it would be diffusion.

The overall definition of diffusion is something going from HIGH TO LOW concentration

The epidermis

Multiple Choice

1. Is composed of loose connective tissue.

2. is made up mostly of melanocytes.

3. contains no blood vessels.

4. is composed of the reticular and papillary layers.

5. Is thicker than the dermis.

3

Explain: Number 5 wouldn't be an answer because the EPIDERMIS IS ALWAYS THINNER than the dermis

Number 1 wouldn’t be the answer because it’s made of STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM TISSUE…NOT CONNECTIVE tissue

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

1. Thin skin generally does not contain the stratum lucidum.

2. Thick skin is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

3. Thick skin is generally more flexible than thin skin.

4. Hair is found in both thin skin and thick skin.

1. True; for thin skin the abbreviation would be “Come GET sun burnt”

2. True

3. False

4. False; hair is FOUND IN THIN SKIN, NOT thick skin

The plasma membrane

Multiple Cholce

1. has a single layer of phospholipids.

2. is a rigid protein membrane.

3. separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

4. is not permeable.

5. regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.

5

Explore some of the properties of atoms by choosing the correct word from the dropdown menu to complete each

1. The smallest units of matter that have the characteristic properties of a chemical element are called _____ .

2. The chemical properties of atoms can be described in terms of three subatomic particles: _______.
   neutrons, and electrons.

3. The protons and neutrons are confined to a very small volume at the center of an atom called the _______.

4. The _______ revolve in orbitals at various distances from the nucleus.

5. Each chemical element contains a specific number of protons, and it is this number, called ________ that distinguishes one atom from another

Options: Protons, atomic nucleus, electrons, atoms, atomic number

1. Atoms

2. Protons

3. Atomic nucleus

4. Electrons

5. Atomic number

A symporter will transport _ across the plasma membrane.

Multiple Choice

1. two of the same lons or molecules in opposite directions

2. two different ions or molecules in the same direction

3. two different lons or molecules in opposite directions

4. two of the same ions or molecules in the same direction

5. one specific ion or molecule

2

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

Multiple Choice

1. by transport with carrier molecules.

2. through vitamin membrane channels.

3. by active transport.

4. by dissolving in the lpid bilayer.

5. In vesicles.

4

Explain: since this is a FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN, this would be able to dissolve through the bilayer because the bilayer allows soluble substances and vitamins to dissolve through

Label the following

Electrons

Multiple Cholce

1. do not participate in the bonding of atoms.

2. have a positive charge of one.

3. are located in the nucleus of an atorn.

4. are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.

5. comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.

4

Translation is the synthesis of_

Multiple Cholce

1. proteins from DNA

2. mRNA from proteins

3. proteins from tRNA

4. mRNA from DNA

5. proteins from mRNA

5

Which type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

Multiple Choice

1. Receptor proteins

2. Marker molecules

3. Carrier proteins

4. Enzymes

5. Channel protein

2