Studied by 3 people
MATTER
Anything that has mass and volume. Includes atoms and anything made up of atoms, but not other energy phenomena or waves like light or sound.
a physical substance of which systems may be composed.
Macroscopic
Objects/phenomena are large enough to be visible practically with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments.
Microscopic
Objects and events are smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.
Atoms
Make up everyday objects, consisting of interacting subatomic particles like protons and neutrons.
Tiny building blocks of matter.
liquid oxygen
(gas compressed such that it turned liquid)
Mass
the measure of the amount of matter in something. not a substance but a quantitative property of matter and other substances or systems.
Air (and all other gases)
invisible to the eye, have very small masses compared to equal volumes of solids and liquids, and are quite easy to compress (change volume).
mass of air
approximately 0.0002 pounds or 0.09 grams
Intermolecular Forces (IMF)
Force that causes molecules to move together
MOLECULES
The most important method that nature uses to organize atoms into matter are groups of two or more atoms that have been bonded together.
It has its own set of chemical properties, and it’s these properties with which chemists are most concerned
Physical States of Matter
State that a given substance exhibits is also a physical property
The physical state of everything depends on the temperature
All substances can be any state of matter
Solid
Definite volume and shape
Tightly packed; Particles vibrate around fixed axes
Its molecules have fixed positions because there is not enough thermal energy to overcome the IMF interaction between the particles
Liquid
Definite volume no definite shape
Relatively dense or slightly loose
Partially overcomes IMF but their particles are still in close contact
Free to move over each other yet still attracted to each other
Gas
Neither definite volume or shape
Extremely far apart
Completely overcomes IMF so its particles move in random motion with little to no interaction with each other
Highly compressible
“crystal”
Constituent particles arranged in a regular, three-dimensional array
“Amorphous” (without form)
Some solids cannot organize their particles in such regular crystals
Mercury
An anomaly, it is the only metal we know that is liquid at room temperature.
(has a 357c boiling point)
Change from Liquid to Gas
significantly increases the volume of a substance, by a factor of 1000 or more.
Plasma
Also a state of matter yet rarely happens naturally on earth
Pure Substance
A form of matter with a constant composition and constant properties throughout the sample.
Has a fixed chemical composition and distinct properties
Is the same everywhere
Can only be separated through chemical methods and rarely physical
Element
Fundamental substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods (ex. Aluminum)
Compound
A substance composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions
Can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical methods.
A molecule made of atoms from different elements.
(ex. Water, Sodium Chloride, Carbon Dioxide)
Mixture
Matter consisting of two or more pure substances that retain their individual identities and could be separated by physical methods
Homogeneous (solution)
Mixture that has a uniform composition and properties throughout
Is composed of a single phase
(ex. Coffee, Wine, Air, Saltwater)
Heterogeneous
A mixture that is not uniform in composition and properties throughout
Is composed of two or more phases
(ex. Vegetable soup)
Phase
Is any part of a sample that has a uniform composition and properties.
More than one phase
Does not mix into a uniform composition. (ex: oil and water)
Note 
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