The Origin of Species (Fa 24)

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21 Terms

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Speciation

the process of one species splitting into two— it connects microevolution to macroevolution

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Biological Species

Group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

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Morphological

Body shape and structural features

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Two methods of speciation

Allopatric and sympatric speciation

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Allopatric speciation

Population becomes isolated which cuts off the gene flow— Genetic divergence— Reproductive isolation

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Sympatric speciation

due to a reduction in mating/gene flow

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Biological species Concept

Group of populations whose member have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce a fertile offspring

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Two types of reproductive barriers

Prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers

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Prezygotic Barriers

Block fertilization from occurring

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Postzygotic Barriers

Occurs after a hybrid zygote is formed

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prezygotic barrier- Habitat isolation

Two species encounter each other rarely because they occupy different habitats

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Prezygotic barriers- Temporal isolation

Species that breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years

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prezygotic- Behavioral isolation

Courtshio rituals

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Prezygotic — Mechanical Isolation

Morphological differences

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Prezygotic— Gametic Isolation

Sperm cannot fertilize ( biochemical)

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Postzygotic— Reduced Hybrid viability

Genes of different parent species may impair the hybrids development or survival

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Postzygotic— Reduced Hybrid Fertility

Hybrids may be sterile

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Postzygotic— Hybrid breakdown

Hybrids may be fertile, but their subsequent offspring are sterile

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Morphological Species Concept

Focuses on body shape and structural features

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Ecological species

Focuses on a species niche, can accommodate asexual and sexual organism

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Hybrid zone

region where different species mate creating hybrids but some have reduced fitness— shifts with environmental changes