Immunology Lecture Notes Review

Vocabulary flashcards on immunology concepts, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, hypersensitivity, transplant rejection, transfusion reactions, and immunodeficiency syndromes.

Lymph Nodes

Secondary lymphoid tissue where immune responses are initiated.

Cortex

Outer region of the lymph node containing follicles with B cells.

Medulla

Inner region of the lymph node with sinuses.

Paracortex

Area surrounding the cortex in the lymph node, rich in T cells.

Bone Marrow and Thymus

Primary lymphoid tissues where lymphocytes mature (bone marrow for B cells, thymus for T cells).

Spleen

A secondary lymphoid organ that filters blood and plays a role in immune responses.

White Pulp

The region of the spleen containing follicles with B cells.

Red Pulp

The region of the spleen involved in filtering blood and removing old or damaged cells.

Marginal Zone

Region in the spleen where APCs capture antigens to present them to white cells.

Periarteriolar Lymphatic Sheaths (PALS)

Sheaths where T cells are found in the spleen.

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Inclusions in red blood cells seen after splenectomy.

Thymus

Organ responsible for T cell maturation; typically visible on chest X-rays in younger children.

Trosier's Sign

Lymph node in the left supraclavicular area, associated with gastric malignancy (Virchow's node).

Popliteal Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes in the popliteal region, draining the foot.

Epitrochlear Lymph Node

Lymph node associated with primary syphilis.

22q11.2 deletion

The deletion associated with DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22).

DiGeorge Syndrome

A congenital disorder caused by a 22q11.2 deletion, resulting in cardiac defects, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia.

SCID

A severe combined immunodeficiency associated with ADA (adenosine deaminase) deficiency.

Job Syndrome

Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, often due to STAT3 mutation.

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

B-cell disorder characterized by a defect in the BTK gene, affecting B cell maturation and class switching

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

B cells mature but cannot differentiate into plasma cells.

IgA Deficiency

Immunodeficiency associated with anaphlaxis.

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Anaphylaxis, allergic, atopic.

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Antibody versus antigens, Autoimmune diseases.

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Immune complex deposition, Serum Sickness.

Type 4 hypersensitivity

T cells and macrophages, contact dermatitis.

Hyper IgM syndrome

CD40 ligand deficiency; IgM is high, other Ig's are low.

CD4 ligand

Defect is on T helper cells

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A syndrome involving thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections.

CD14

A surface receptor on macrophages.

Interleukin-1

Fever.

Interleukin-6

Fever.

Interleukin-8

Fever.

Interferon Gamma

TB infection.

Interleukin-10 and TFG Beta

Suppression.

Interleukin-4

IgE.

Interleukin-5

Eosinophil.

Hyperacute rejection

Preformed antibodies, from the host.

Acute Graft rejection

Combination of B and C, but might be more of T cells.

Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Preformed Cytokines.

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

ABO Incompatibility, will see flank pain.

Allergic or Hypersensitivity Reaction/Anaphylaxis

Articular rash, wheeze, hypertension.

TRALI

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema or ARDS.

Delayed Transfusion Reaction

Anamnestic, due to re-exposure. contact dermatitis, belf rash from nickel in metalThis reaction occurs when the immune system responds to previously encountered antigens after a blood transfusion, typically leading to symptoms like fever and rash. It is often mediated by memory T cells.