Unit 11: Upper Extremity - Muscles that Move the Shoulder Girdle

elevation

-shoulder shrug

-bringing the shoulder upward

depression

-returning from shoulder shrug

-bringing the shoulder downward

upward rotation

-the glenoid fossa faces upward

downward rotation

-returning from upward rotation

protraction

scapula slides forward

retraction

-squeezing scapulae together (bringing them in toward vertebrae)k

elevation

the upper trapezius and levator scapulae assist in _________

depression

the pectoralis minor and lower trapezius assist in _______

upward rotation

the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior all assist in _____ _____

downward rotation

the levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor all assist in _____ _____

protraction

the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior assist in ______

retraction

the middle trapezius, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor all assist in ________

upper trapezius

-a portion of the kite-shaped muscle

-a neck muscle

-action: elevation and upward rotation

middle trapezius

-a portion of the kite-shaped muscle

-has horizontal fibers

-action: retraction

lower trapezius

-a portion of the kite-shaped muscle

-action: depression and upward rotation

*upward rotation pulls the vertebral border downward, thus rotating the glenoid fossa upward

trapezius

-the kite-shaped muscle

-has 3 portions

-is the most superficial upper back muscle

levator scapulae

action: elevation, downward rotation

*downward rotation pulls the vertebral border up and thus rotates the glenoid fossa downward

rhomboid minor

-the smaller and superior of these two muscles

-origin: C7-T1 spinous processes

-insertion: vertebral border of scapula at the spine

-action: downward rotation and retraction

*downward rotation pulls the vertebral border up

rhomboid major

-the larger and inferior of these two muscles

-origin: T2-T5 spinous processes

-insertion: vertebral border of scapula below the spine

-action: downward rotation and retraction

pectoralis minor

-origin: anterior side of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs near the costal cartilages

-insertion: coracoid process *which is the most anterior process of the scapula

-action: depression, downward rotation, protraction

*depression pulls down on the coracoid process

*protraction pulls on the coracoid process anteriorly

serratus anterior

-"punching muscles"

-hold the shoulder blade in place

-action: upward rotation, protraction

scapular winging

when the shoulder blades stick out of the back due to weak serratus anterior muscles