Ch 14: Viral Infections of the Respiratory system

What are the two main parts of the respiratory tract?

The upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

Nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx

What is the nasopharynx?

The upper part of the throat, right behind the nose

What is the pharynx?

The throat

What is the larynx?

The voice box

Are symptoms of viruses in the upper respiratory tract mild or more severe?

Mostly mild

What does the lower respiratory tract include?

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

What is the trachea?

The windpipe- tube that connects the voice box to the lungs

What does the trachea split into?

Two main bronchi- one going to each lung

What are bronchioles?

Tiny branches that come off the bronchi- spreading throughout each lung

What are lungs?

Two organs in your chest, separated by the heart

Are symptoms of viral infections in the lower respiratory tract mild or more severe?

More severe

Why are lower respiratory infections more serious than upper respiratory infections?

Because they affect airflow and oxygen exchange

A common flu-like symptom is Chills. What does it mean to have Chills?

Feeling cold and shivery even when the body is hot

A common flu-like symptom is Myalgia. What is Myalgia?

Muscle aches or soreness

A common flu-like symptom is Malaise. What is Malaise?

The general feeling of being unwell- “icky”

A common flu-like symptom is Fatigue. What is fatigue?

Feeling extremely tired and having low-energy

A common flu-like symptom is Rhinitis. What is rhinits?

Runny or stuffy nose

A common flu-like symptom is Pharyngitis. What is pharyngitis?

Sore throat

What symptom may indicate COVID-19 specifically?

Anosmia- loss of smell

What is anosmia?

Loss of smell

If someone has a “barking” cough that sounds hard and seal-like, what infection should be considered?

Croup

If someone has a hoarse (rough/raspy) voice, what infection should be considered?

Laryngitis

If someone has problems in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system at the same time, what infection should be considered?

Influenza B

What are the two main types of influenza viruses that cause seasonal flu?

Influenza A and B

What/Who does Influenza A infect?

Humans and animals

What/Who does Influenza B infect?

Just humans

Which is more severe, influenza A or influenza B?

Influenza A

Which is associated with pandemics and more severe systemic illnesses, Influenza A or Influenza B?

Influenza A

Which is associated with less severe systemic illnesses, Influenza A or Influenza B?

Influenza B

Why is there a new flu vaccine every year?

Influenza viruses change a little each year because they are RNA viruses

Which surface proteins of the flu virus change, prompting new vaccines?

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

If a patient presents with a dry cough, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Viral bronchitis

If a patient presents with an absent or low fever, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Viral bronchitis

If a patient presents with dyspnea, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Viral bronchitis

If a patient presents with wheezing, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Viral bronchitis

If a patient presents with a preceding rhinitis, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Viral bronchitis

If a patient presents with a productive cough, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Bacterial pneumonia

If a patient presents with a fever (often high), are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Bacterial pneumonia

If a patient presents with tachypnea, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Bacterial pneumonia

If a patient presents with a crackles, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Bacterial pneumonia

If a patient presents with a no rhinits, are they more likely to have viral bronchitis or bacterial pneumonia?

Bacterial pneumonia

If a patient presents with a low fever, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Common cold

If a patient presents with a headache, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Both

If a patient presents with mild myalgia, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Common cold

If a patient presents with slight fatigue, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Common cold

If a patient presents with nasal congestion, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Common cold

If a patient presents with sneezing, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Common cold

If a patient presents with a high fever, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Influenza

If a patient presents with severe myalgia, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Influenza

If a patient presents with nasal congestion, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Influenza

If a patient presents with sneezing, are they more likely to have a common cold or influenza?

Influenza

A common flu-like symptom is pyrexia. What is pyrexia?

Fever