9 Cellular Respiration

What is cellular respiration?

A chemical process in which molecules from food, usually glucose, are broken down to release energy stored in ATP.

Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?

In the mitochondria.

What is the role of ATP in cellular respiration?

ATP stores energy in its bond with the third phosphate group, which, when broken, releases energy for cellular processes.

What percentage of energy released during cellular respiration is captured as ATP?

40% of the available energy.

What happens to the remaining energy during cellular respiration?

60% is released as heat energy.

What are the three major steps of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Glucose → Lactic acid + 2 ATP.

What type of respiration occurs if oxygen is available?

Aerobic respiration.

What is produced during the Krebs cycle?

2 ATP and carbon dioxide (CO2).

What is the total theoretical yield of ATP from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

38 ATP.

What occurs during glycolysis?

Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, yielding 2 ATP.

Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?

In the cytoplasm.

What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

What leads to an oxygen debt in muscles?

The accumulation of lactic acid due to anaerobic respiration.

List some activities that require ATP.

Muscle contraction, active transport, synthesis of large molecules, transmission of nerve impulses, cell division, and maintaining body temperature.

How does anaerobic respiration benefit the body during exercise?

It allows energy production when oxygen is limited, although it leads to lactic acid build-up.