Chapter 1 notes

Humanism

The focus on secular themes.

Secular

Worldly

Francisco Petrarch

Wrote 365 sonnets for his love Laura.

Giovanni Boccaccio

Wrote “The Decameron” a story about a bunch of young friend on their way to one of their friend's funerals.

Benvenito Cellini

Wrote the first modern autobiography.

Baldassare Castiglione

Wrote the book of the Courtier about how to act fancy.

Niccoli Machiavelli

Wrote the prince on how a good leader should act.

Signori

City leader in Italy.

conductori

Italian mercs.

de Medici

Ruling family of florence.

Cosimo de Medici

Ended worker uprisings, instituted income taxes, made peace with other cities.

Lorenzo de Medici

Used his wealth to support artists and earned the nickname Lorenzo the magnificent.

Pope Alexander the VI

Bribbed the Cardinals to become pope and supported his family the borgias.

Venice

Port City on the adriatic sea and run by the Doge.

Doge

Political leader elected by the council of ten.

Michelangelo

Sculptor who made la pieta and david also painted the Sistine chapel.

Da Vincci

Made Mona Lisa and the last supper.

Raphiel

Painter who blended Christian and secular themes, also made The school of Athens.

Johannes Gutenberg

Made the movable type printing press.

Francois Rabelais

Frances most popular author and a monk who wrote comic satires.

Desiderius Erasmus

Wrote about the praise of folly.

Albrecht durer

Engraver who was called the Leonardo of the north.

Engraving

Etched designs onto metal with acid.

Tomas More

Wrote about social issues in his book “Utopia”

William Shakespeare

Bum writer guy.

Martin luther

Protestant reformer with a background in law and preaching.

Indulgences

Tickets that can excuse you from sins.

John Tetzel

Sold indulgences that could be used for future sins or to get dead relatives into heaven.

Wittenburg

Place where Martin Luther nailed his 95 thesis to a church door.

Diet

Church council.

Charles V

Holy Roman emperor.

Huldrych Zwingli

Started a theocracy in Zurich Switzerland.

John calvin

Started Calvinism and founded a theocracy called Geneva.

Calvinism

Religion where they believe is predestination.

Henry VIII

Left the Catholic Church and started the church of England due to the Pope not granting him a divorce for his wife Catherine of Aragon.

Mary Tudor

Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who tried to reconvert england to catholicism

Elizabeth I

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn who tried to make the Anglican church more protestant.

Council of trent

council started by pope Paul III to reform catholicism

Jesuits

Priests who live in society and help out. Started by Ignatius of loyola

Ignatius of loyola

Noble who was wounded in battle and founded the Jesuits.

Teresa of avila

Nun who reformed the Carmelites to be more strict.

Ghetto

Poor side of Italy where they sent the jews.

Flanders

Dutch speaking region of belgium.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish astronomer.

Heliocentric

Theory that the sun is the center of the universe.

Tycho Brahe

Danish astronomer who collected data on planets and their movements.

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who provided the math to prove copernicus’s theory’s.

Galileo Galilei

Built his own telescope and discovered the moons of Jupiter. Also punished by the Catholic church.

Francis bacon

Developed the scientific method.

Rene Descartes

I think therefore I am guy.

Robert Boyle

Invented chemistry.

Issac Newton

Discovered gravity and calculus.

Peter Paul Reubens

Painter from flanders.

Canonize

Declare someone to be a saint.