War of Independence

The War of Independence, 1919-21 On the same day that the First Dáil met, 21 January 1919, an RIC (Royal Irish Constabulary) patrol was ambushed in Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary. A local IRA unit led by Dan Breen and Seán Treacy carried out the ambush. The IRA men attacked police who were guarding a supply of gelignite going to a nearby quarry. Two policemen were shot dead. These were the first shots of the War of Independence. Guerrilla warfare The IRA used guerrilla war tactics against the British Government forces. These were ambush, or 'hit and run' tactics. The IRA's main target was the RIC. They attacked isolated barracks in the countryside to get arms and ammunition. The IRA also intimidated (threatened) the RIC members and their families. Flying columns As the IRA increased in numbers, local units called flying columns were formed. The men in these units lived off the countryside getting food and shelter from the local people. Flying columns took part in large-scale ambushes. Their leaders, such as Tom Barry, Liam Lynch and Ernie O'Malley, became well known.What was the role of Michael Collins? Collins operated an intelligence network, using spies to gather information. He got nformation from secretaries, porters and policemen. He used this information to direct operations by the IRA He also organised a special group in Dublin called "The Squad'. Their job was to kill spies and detectives. How did the British Government respond? 1. The British Government, led by David Lloyd George, Prime Minister, recruited ex-soldiers in Britain to overcome a shortage of recruits in the RIC. Members of the new force became known as the 'Black and Tans', because they wore a mixed army and RIC uniform. irish Police Foгa 2. The government also recruited ex-officers. These were known as the Auxiliaries. Very often these forces carried out reprisals against local people because of attacks on themselves. These actions helped the IRA, which got greater support from the people. Revenge 3. The British Government also introduced the Government of Ireland Act, 1920. Under the Act, two parliaments were to be set up, one in Dublin and one in Belfast. Sinn Féin rejected this Act.Major Incidents of the War of Independence Key Words Bloody Sunda Members of the RIC murdered Tomás MacCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, in front of his family. Terence MacSwiney became Lord Mayor of Cork after MacCurtain. He went on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, near London, after he was arrested. He wanted to be treated as a prisoner of war. He died after 74 days. On Bloomy Sunday, 21 November 1920, Michael Collins ordered the Squad to kill a group of British agents who were investigating IRA activities in Dublin and attempting to catch him. 14 were killed in their houses or hotels. Later that day, in revenge, Black and Tans and Auxiliaries shot into the crowd at Croke Park during a football match between Dublin and Tipperary. 14 people were killed, including one of the players, Michael Hogan from Tipperary.Kilmichael Ambush, 28 November 1920: a flying column, led by Tom Barry, ambushed a patrol of Auxiliaries. 18 members of the patrol were killed. The burning of Cork city, 11-12 December 1920: Auxiliaries and Black and Tans set fire to houses and business premises in Cork city in retaliation after an IRA ambush of Auxiliaries in the city. The city centre was badly damaged, and the City Hall was burned. Crossbarry Ambush, 19 March 1921: about 100 members of the West Cork IRA, led by Tom Barry, waiting to ambush Auxiliaries, escaped from a much larger force of British troops that were encircling them. An IRA attack on the Custom House, Dublin, May 1921: the Custom House was burned, but the attack led to the capture or death of over 80 members of the Dublin IRA. How was peace sobieved? By 1921, both sides wanted peace. The IRA was running short of men and ammunition. The people wanted peace. The British Government was being criticised at home and in America for the actions of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries The war was costing the government a great deal of money. De Valera returned from America where he had been during most of the War of Independence. He agreed the terms of a ceasefire with Lloyd George. The ceasefire, or truce, came into operation on 11 July 1921.

The War of Independence, 1919-21

The War of Independence, 1919-21

On the same day that the First Dáil met, 21 January 1919, an RIC (Royal Irish Constabulary) patrol was ambushed in Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary. A local IRA unit led by Dan Breen and Seán Treacy carried out the ambush. The IRA men attacked police who were guarding a supply of gelignite going to a nearby quarry. Two policemen were shot dead. These were the first shots of the War of Independence.

Guerrilla warfare

The IRA used guerrilla war tactics against the British Government forces. These were ambush, or 'hit and run' tactics. The IRA's main target was the RIC.

They attacked isolated barracks in the countryside to get arms and ammunition.

The IRA also intimidated (threatened) the RIC members and their families.

Flying columns

As the IRA increased in numbers, local units called flying columns were formed. The men in these units lived off the countryside getting food and shelter from the local people. Flying columns took part in large-scale ambushes.

Their leaders, such as Tom Barry, Liam Lynch and Ernie O'Malley, became well known.

What was the role of Michael Collins?

Collins operated an intelligence network, using spies to gather information. He got nformation from secretaries, porters and policemen. He used this information to direct operations by the IRA

He also organised a special group in Dublin called "The Squad'. Their job was to kill spies and detectives.

How did the British Government respond?

1. The British Government, led by David Lloyd George, Prime Minister, recruited ex-soldiers in Britain to overcome a shortage of recruits in the RIC. Members of the new force became known as the 'Black and Tans', because they wore a mixed army and RIC uniform. irish Police Foгa

2. The government also recruited ex-officers. These were known as the Auxiliaries.

Very often these forces carried out reprisals against local people because of attacks on themselves. These actions helped the IRA, which got greater support from the people.

Revenge

3. The British Government also introduced the Government of Ireland Act, 1920. Under the Act, two parliaments were to be set up, one in Dublin and one in Belfast.

Sinn Féin rejected this Act.

Major Incidents of the War of Independence

Key Words

Bloody Sunda

Members of the RIC murdered Tomás MacCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, in front of his family.

Terence MacSwiney became Lord Mayor of Cork after MacCurtain. He went on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, near London, after he was arrested. He wanted to be treated as a prisoner of war. He died after 74 days.

On Bloomy Sunday, 21 November 1920, Michael Collins ordered the Squad to kill a group of British agents who were investigating IRA activities in Dublin and attempting to catch him. 14 were killed in their houses or hotels.

Later that day, in revenge, Black and Tans and Auxiliaries shot into the crowd at Croke Park during a football match between Dublin and Tipperary. 14 people were killed, including one of the players, Michael Hogan from Tipperary.

Kilmichael Ambush, 28 November 1920: a flying column, led by Tom Barry, ambushed a patrol of Auxiliaries. 18 members of the patrol were killed.

The burning of Cork city, 11-12 December 1920: Auxiliaries and Black and Tans set fire to houses and business premises in Cork city in retaliation after an IRA ambush of Auxiliaries in the city. The city centre was badly damaged, and the City Hall was burned.

Crossbarry Ambush, 19 March 1921: about 100 members of the West Cork IRA, led by Tom Barry, waiting to ambush Auxiliaries, escaped from a much larger force of British troops that were encircling them.

An IRA attack on the Custom House, Dublin, May 1921: the Custom House was burned, but the attack led to the capture or death of over 80 members of the Dublin IRA.

How was peace sobieved?

By 1921, both sides wanted peace.

The IRA was running short of men and ammunition.

The people wanted peace.

The British Government was being criticised at home and in America for the actions of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries

The war was costing the government a great deal of money.

De Valera returned from America where he had been during most of the War of Independence. He agreed the terms of a ceasefire with Lloyd George. The ceasefire, or truce, came into operation on 11 July 1921.

On the same day that the First Dáil met, 21 January 1919, an RIC (Royal Irish Constabulary) patrol was ambushed in Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary. A local IRA unit led by Dan Breen and Seán Treacy carried out the ambush. The IRA men attacked police who were guarding a supply of gelignite going to a nearby quarry. Two policemen were shot dead. These were the first shots of the War of Independence.

Guerrilla warfare

The IRA used guerrilla war tactics against the British Government forces. These were ambush, or 'hit and run' tactics. The IRA's main target was the RIC.

They attacked isolated barracks in the countryside to get arms and ammunition.

The IRA also intimidated (threatened) the RIC members and their families.

Flying columns

As the IRA increased in numbers, local units called flying columns were formed. The men in these units lived off the countryside getting food and shelter from the local people. Flying columns took part in large-scale ambushes.

Their leaders, such as Tom Barry, Liam Lynch and Ernie O'Malley, became well known.

What was the role of Michael Collins?

Collins operated an intelligence network, using spies to gather information. He got nformation from secretaries, porters and policemen. He used this information to direct operations by the IRA

He also organised a special group in Dublin called "The Squad'. Their job was to kill spies and detectives.

How did the British Government respond?

1. The British Government, led by David Lloyd George, Prime Minister, recruited ex-soldiers in Britain to overcome a shortage of recruits in the RIC. Members of the new force became known as the 'Black and Tans', because they wore a mixed army and RIC uniform. irish Police Foгa

2. The government also recruited ex-officers. These were known as the Auxiliaries.

Very often these forces carried out reprisals against local people because of attacks on themselves. These actions helped the IRA, which got greater support from the people.

Revenge

3. The British Government also introduced the Government of Ireland Act, 1920. Under the Act, two parliaments were to be set up, one in Dublin and one in Belfast.

Sinn Féin rejected this Act.

Major Incidents of the War of Independence

Key Words

Bloody Sunda

Members of the RIC murdered Tomás MacCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, in front of his family.

Terence MacSwiney became Lord Mayor of Cork after MacCurtain. He went on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, near London, after he was arrested. He wanted to be treated as a prisoner of war. He died after 74 days.

On Bloomy Sunday, 21 November 1920, Michael Collins ordered the Squad to kill a group of British agents who were investigating IRA activities in Dublin and attempting to catch him. 14 were killed in their houses or hotels.

Later that day, in revenge, Black and Tans and Auxiliaries shot into the crowd at Croke Park during a football match between Dublin and Tipperary. 14 people were killed, including one of the players, Michael Hogan from Tipperary.

Kilmichael Ambush, 28 November 1920: a flying column, led by Tom Barry, ambushed a patrol of Auxiliaries. 18 members of the patrol were killed.

The burning of Cork city, 11-12 December 1920: Auxiliaries and Black and Tans set fire to houses and business premises in Cork city in retaliation after an IRA ambush of Auxiliaries in the city. The city centre was badly damaged, and the City Hall was burned.

Crossbarry Ambush, 19 March 1921: about 100 members of the West Cork IRA, led by Tom Barry, waiting to ambush Auxiliaries, escaped from a much larger force of British troops that were encircling them.

An IRA attack on the Custom House, Dublin, May 1921: the Custom House was burned, but the attack led to the capture or death of over 80 members of the Dublin IRA.

How was peace sobieved?

By 1921, both sides wanted peace.

The IRA was running short of men and ammunition.

The people wanted peace.

The British Government was being criticised at home and in America for the actions of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries

The war was costing the government a great deal of money.

De Valera returned from America where he had been during most of the War of Independence. He agreed the terms of a ceasefire with Lloyd George. The ceasefire, or truce, came into operation on 11 July 1921.