ARC 1013 - Briar Jones/MSST - Test 1

The discipline dealing with the principles of design, construction, & ornamentation of fine buildings

Architeture

What does architecture respond to?

It responds to the needs of its users & rises to the level of art

How does architecture connect to its site?

It connects by a particular place & relates to the specifics of geography, climate, & the surroundings

Where architects call the particular place a building is to be constructed

Site

Why is architecture important?

It is important b/c it permanently records a civilization's aesthetic tastes, material resources, political & social aspirations

Does it help define a place?

Yes

What are Vitruvius' 3 essential principles to architecture?

1) Firmness (structure)

2) Commodity (function)

3) Delight (beauty)

What do architects use? 8

Solids, voids, scale, massing, proportion, rhythm, color, texture, & light

Euclid (Greek) an irrational proportion w/ special mathematics & spatial relationships applicable to a wide variety of phenomena including art, aesthetics, music, & nature

Scale is approx. 8:5 or 1.618

Golden Section

A series of harmonic numbers; one was the average height of a human being, the other, the height of a man with raised arm(s)

Le Corbusier's Modulor

A particular/distinctive form of artistic expression characteristics of a person, people, or period

Style

"God is in the details"

Mies van der Rohe quote

Roofs (8)

~ Shed roof - sloped to one side

~ Gable roof - slopes in 2 directions

~ Hipped roof - sloping ends & ends that meet at a ridge

~ Pavilion roof - shaped like a pyramid & is used to cover a square structure

~ Barrel roof - semi-circular roof

~ Gambrel roof - roof that combines 2 different pitches below the ridge (barn)

~ Mansard roof - roof that combines 2 different pitches below the ridge (in France)

~ Flat roof - rarely flat, very low slope

Walls (9)

~ Rusticated wall - made of stone that are typically rough & raised off the wall surface

~ Half-timbered wall - having a timber framework w/ the spaces filled w/ masonry/plaster

~ Clapboard siding - wood siding laid horizontally

~ Board & batten siding - wood siding laid vertically consisting of wide boards & narrow battens

~ Stucco - a corse plaster composed of cement, sand, & lime mixed w/ water used to cover exterior walls

~ Glass - glass

~ Curtain wall - a nonstructural frame & glass cladding system

~ Masonry - brick/stone/concrete block

~ Concrete - concrete

Windows (10)

~ Lancet window - tall, narrow w/ arch at top

~ Tracery - decorative stonework trefoil-cloverleaf shape w/ 3-4 clovers

~ Palladian - a round headed window flanked by 2 smaller ones

~ Double-hung - a window having 2 vertically hung sashes, each on separate tracks

~ Dormer - vertical window in a projection built out on a sloping roof

~ Bay - a window projecting from the surface of the wall to allow light from 3 sides

~ Ribbon - horizontal band of windows

~ Casement - a window sash opening on hinges generally attached to the vertical side of a frame

~ Transom - a window above the transom of a doorway

~ Clerestory - a portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops & having windows to admit daylight

Doorways (5)

~ Arched - pointed & rounded

~ Pedimented - triangular shape over

~ Venetian/Palladian - a door opening w/ a semicircular window (fanlight) above & flanked by vertical windows (sidelights)

~ French - door having rectangular glass panes extending throughout its length often hung in pairs

~ Sliding - a door operates/moves by sliding on a track

An architectural form which has become accepted by society through repeated use

Building type

3 things required for an architectural project

1) Need

2) Land (site) - renovation v. new

3) Financing

A client's list of practical requirements for a design project

Building program

est. 1700

First true architecture school

Ecole des Beaux-Arts

Steps to becoming an licensed architect (3)

1. 5 yr BARC OR 4 + 2 MARC OR 3+ yr MARC (if not BARC)

2. Minimum 3 yr internship

3. Pass 7 part ARE 4.0 exam

Basic architecture services

~ schematic design - 15% of fee

~ design development - 25% of fee

~ construction documents - 35% of fee

~ bidding & contract negotiation - 5% of fee

~ construction phase - 20% of fee

What is design development?

~ Drawings - architects do not build buildings; they make complex sets of instructions for others to build (instructions consist of drawings, specs, & other contracts)

~ Specifications - part of the contract docs. consisting of a detailed description of the technical nature of the materials, standards, & quality of execution of work

What happens to the final drawings and specifications?

They are stamped with the architect's seal prior to having duplicates (blueprints) made

~ Orthographic - 2D; 3 types: plan, section, elevation

~ Axonometric - 3D (measured); paraline - parallel lines in object are parallel in drawings

~ Perspective - 3D (way it'll look, depict, & require measurements); foreshortening - parallel lines in object appear to recede in depth

Architectural drawings