APHG Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering Unit 3 vocabulary terms.

The shared beliefs, values, and practices that define a group's way of life are __.

culture

A single element of culture, such as a custom or practice, is a __.

culture trait

The design of built environment, including houses and public buildings, is called __.

architecture

The principle that beliefs and practices should be understood within their own cultural context, rather than judged against another culture, is __.

cultural relativism

A person who believes their own culture is superior to others is an __.

Ethnocentrist

The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape is called a __.

cultural landscape

Relating to language or the study of language is described by the term __.

linguistic

The process by which successive cultures leave layers of cultural influence in a place is known as __.

sequent occupancy

The traditional styles of architecture preserved within a culture are termed __.

traditional architecture

A modern architectural movement that embraces diversity and complexity and questions uniformity is __.

postmodern architecture

A shared identity or sense of belonging based on culture, language, or heritage is __.

ethnicity

The social category based on shared characteristics and cultural traits is __.

gender

A neighborhood with a high concentration of people from a single ethnic group is called an __.

ethnic neighborhood

A native or indigenous community with a long-standing connection to a region is an __.

indigenous community

Emotional attachment to a place, providing a sense of belonging, is a __.

sense of place

The process of planning and managing a place to create public spaces that promote well-being is known as __.

placemaking

A factor that creates unity and cohesion, pulling people together, is a __.

centripetal force

A force that pushes people away or creates division is a __.

centrifugal force

The spread of a feature through the physical movement of people is __ diffusion.

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature from a core area outward, while remaining connected to the origin, is __ diffusion.

expansion diffusion

Rapid spread of a characteristic through a population by contact is __ diffusion.

contagious diffusion

Diffusion from nodes of power or authority to other locations is __ diffusion.

hierarchical diffusion

Diffusion that involves the spread of a principle rather than the physical trait is __ diffusion.

stimulus diffusion

The blending of two or more languages or cultures into a new system is __.

creolization

A common language used among speakers of different native languages to facilitate communication is __.

lingua franca

The policy of acquiring control over another country and exploiting it is __.

colonialism

A policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy or military force is __.

imperialism

The exchange of goods and services between regions or countries is __.

Trade

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas is called __.

urbanization

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale is __.

Globalization

The idea that distance between places can be overcome by advances in technology and transportation is __.

time-space convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike through sharing technology and institutions is __.

cultural convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more different due to isolation or resistance to outside influence is __.

cultural divergence

A group of related languages sharing a common ancestor is a __.

language family

A regional or social variety of a language is a __.

language dialect

A location where a culture or civilization originated and spread from is a __.

cultural hearth

The largest language family in Europe and Asia, including many languages of the Indian subcontinent, is the __.

Indo-European language family

The name given to a place is a __.

Toponym

A religion that seeks to appeal to many people across cultures and regions is a __ religion.

universalizing religion

A universalizing religion that originated in the Levant around the 1st century CE is __.

Christianity

A universalizing religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE in Mecca is __.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama focused on achieving enlightenment is __.

Buddhism

A monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab region in the 15th century by Guru Nanak is __.

Sikhism

A religion associated with a particular ethnic group and not focused on converting others is __.

ethnic religion

An ancient religion practiced mainly in India, characterized by belief in dharma and karma is __.

Hinduism

One of the oldest monotheistic religions, with a covenantal relationship with God, is __.

Judaism

The process of adopting the cultural traits of another group is __.

acculturation

The process by which a minority group gradually adopts the customs of the dominant culture, potentially losing its own distinct identity is __.

assimilation

The blending of two or more cultural traits into a new composite is __.

syncretism

A policy or condition in which a society preserves its diverse cultural groups is __.

multiculturalism