Ch. 8 Vectors - Precalculus

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Parallel Vectors

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20 Terms

1

Parallel Vectors

  • Same/opposite direction

  • Not necessarily same magnitude

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2

Equivalent vectors

  • Same magnitude

  • Same direction

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3

Opposite vectors

  • Same magnitude

  • Opposite direction (-a)

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4

Resultant vector

  • The sum of 2 or more vectors

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5

Zero vector

  • AKA null vector

  • Magnitude of 0

  • No specific direction

  • Resultant of 2 opposite vectors

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6

Multiplying Vectors with Scalars

  • Vector: v

  • Real number scalar: k

  • Scalar multiple: kv

    • Magnitude of |k| |v|

    • Direction based on the sign of k

      • k > 0 ~ same direction as v

      • k < 0 ~ opposite direction as v

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7

Component Form

  • ⟨Δx, Δy⟩

    • ⟨x₂ - x₁ y₂ - y₁⟩

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8

Vector Operations

  • a + b = ⟨a₁ + b₁, a₂ + b₂⟩

  • a - b = ⟨a₁ - b₁, a₂ - b₂⟩

  • ka = ⟨ka₁, ka₂⟩

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9

Vector Sum

  • ai + bj

    • Component Form: ⟨a, b⟩

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10

Direction of Vectors

  • |v|(cos θ)i + |v|(sin θ)j

    • a = |v|(cos θ)

    • b = |v|(sin θ)

  • tan⁻¹(b/a)

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11

Dot Product

  • a ⋅ b = a₁b₁ + a₂b₂

    • Orthogonal when a ⋅ b = 0 ~ except zero vector

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12

Commutative Property of the Dot Product

  • u ⋅ v = v ⋅ u

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13

Distributive Property of the Dot Product

  • u(v + w) = (u ⋅ v )+ (u ⋅ w)

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14

Scalar Multiplication Property of the Dot Product

  • k(uv) = ku ⋅ v = u ⋅ kv

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15

Zero Vector Dot Product Property

  • 0 ⋅ u = 0

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16

Dot Product and Vector Magnitude Relationship

  • u ⋅ u = |u|²

    • u₁² + u₂²

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17

Angle Between 2 Vectors

  • cos θ = (a ⋅ b)/(|a| |b|)

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18

Vector Projection

  • projᵥu = [(u ⋅ v)/|v|²]v

    • Projection of u onto v

    • Parallel to v ~ not always the same direction

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19

Work

  • W₁ = |F| |AB|

    • |F| (cos θ) |AB|

    • |proj__AB__F| |AB|

      • The first AB should be in subscript

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20

Unit Vector

  • (Component Form)/(Magnitude)

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