Practice test for Hierarchial

Practice test for Hierarchial

Species

is a group of organisms that share a genetic heritage, are able to interbreed, and create offspring that are also fertile

taxis- ”arrangement“; nomos- “laws”

Taxonomy meaning

Taxonomy

is a field of biology that deals with the process of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms

Systematics

Taxonomy is the subdivision of __ which is the study of biological diversity and its evolution

86%

percent of land species (remain undiscovered)

91%

percent of marine species (remain undiscovered)

2 millions species

number of species of living organisms (named & classified)

8.7 million species

actual number of species (most are insects and microsopic organisms)

Biodiversity

refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolution, ecological, and cultutal processes that sustain life

Species Diversity

refers to the number of species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those species

Genetic Diversity

refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species

Ecosystem Diversity

refers to the number of different ecosystems on the planet or in a given geographic area

The Classification System

•harmful and nonharmful organisms

•edible or non edible plants

•300 B.C Aristotle (father of biology)- red blood and those without organisms either plants or animals (physical characteristics)

•crude system lasted for 2000 years

Carolus Linnaeus

• Systema Naturae- according to the greater or lesser extent of their similarities

• organisms’ morphology (physical) & behavioral characteristics

• assigned organidmd into groups within groups within groups, on and on

Typological Species Concept

The concept of a species as a group whose members share certain characteristics that distinguish them from other species

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history of a certain species

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Is an irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combimation of certain defining, or derived, traits

Phylogenetic systematics

Deals with the identifying the evolutionary relationships among the many different kinds of life on Earth, both living (extant) and dead (extinct)

Ernest Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky

Who developed the biological species concept

Binomial Nomenclature

In which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epihet

Carl von Linne’

Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus

Carlos Lenneus

Proposed and started to give two Latinized nams for each organism

Latin name

Is a common language used and understood by many biologists

Archaean

Oldest life forms on Earth; first discovered in 1983; comes from the greek word afchaiod which means ancient or primitive

1983

What year did archaean first discovered

archaean

Comes from the Greek word “archaois” which means ancient or primitive

Methanogenic

Release mathane as a by-product

Extreme halophiles

Salt lovers

Extreme thermophiles

Heat-lovers

Animalia

Is the biggest kingdom in the world with atleast four million species named & identified

Typological Species Concept

The concept of a species as a group whose members share certain characteristics that distinguish them from other species

Kingdom

•highest category or level

•cellular organization

•methods of nutrition

Phylum/Division

•similarities in badic body plan organization

Class

• a major taxonomic rank below phylum (or division)

Order

• more specific than class

Family

• belong to the same family;exhibit close resemblance

Genus

• usually made up of species

Species

• most specific unit of classification/basic unit of identification

Wolfdog

Is a canine profuced by the mating of a domesticated dog with wolf

Hybrids

refer to animals or plants resulting from a cross between two races, breeds, strains, or varieties of the same species

Biological Species Concept

Defines as species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance

Eubacteria

Most diverse and widely spread among the prokaryotes

Protista

Most primitive forms but the most diverse among unicellular eukaryotic organism

Plantae

Includes all the plants; They are eukaryotic, multicellular, and autotrophic organisms

Non-vascular

Has no tissues; ex. bryophytes

Vascular

Has vascular tissues; ex. tracheophytes

Phloem

Manufacture food

Xylem

Absorbs water & minerals

Gymnosperms

Have naked seeds

Angiosperms

Have their seeds enclosed within the protective wall of the ovary

Fungi

Organisms whose ancestors existed on Earth more than 900 million years ago (Precambrian period); shared common characteristics with Kingdom Animalia

Animalia

Is the biggest kingdom in the world with atleast four million species named & identified

System Naturae

According to the greater or lesser extent of their similarities

Aristotle

Father of biology

2000 Years

Crude system has lasted for over how many years?