Industry/Immigration/Urbanization

years of industry/ immigration/ urbanization

1880-1920

urban

city

rural

country

agriculture

industry in 60 years

industry

urbanization

steel (bessemer process)

inject air to remove the carbon (carbon bad)

ex: railroads, bridges, buildings, agriculture equipment 

bessemer process

• iron= steel

• carbon causes rust

• oil for fuel
  

oil

“black gold”

light bulb and electricity

thomas edison- it changed business

typewriter

christopher sholes

steam engine

edwin drake- removes oil from underground

transcontinental railroad

steel- across the U.S.

telephone

alexander graham bell- created new jobs for women

natural selection (social darwinism)

“survival of the fittest”- the strong will out weed the weak 

robber barons

industrialists who used unethical practices to build their wealth

ex: andrew carnegie, john d rockefeller, cornelius vanderbilt 

andrew carnegie

steel tycoon

john d rockefeller

standard oil company

cornelius vanderbilt

by 1880 he owned 90% of oil in USA

labor

long hours and unsafe conditions

labor injuries 

very common and could sometimes cause death

child labor

20% of boys and 10% of girls 5 and under

work days

7 days a week no sick days and kids work 12-14 hour (labor unions developed 

immigrants 1880 and 1920 

millions came to america during this time 

reasons immigrants came

-a better life (opportunity)

-push/pull factor

-escape bad conditions (war, famine, religious intolerance

-earn more money

-desired land  

european immigrants

-20 million

-western and northern europe 

asian immigrants

-japan-200,000

-china-300,000

mexico immigrants

700,000

west indies (caribbean)

260,000

ellis island

immigrants from europe entered through this island  in new york

trip from europe to america

a week long

ellis island conditions

• long wait time 

• document check- id and passport 

• physical exams 

H

heart problems

pg

pregnant

E

eye problems

B

back problems

sc

scalp (lice)

L

lame (weak)

x with circle

mental problems

physical exams

only 2% got shipped back

to get into U.S.

• prove ability to work

• get a house and job

• show you had $25

angel island

Asian immigrants via the west coast (san francisco)- mainly chinese

conditions of angel island

• dirty 

• intense questioning 

trip from asia to america

took 3 weeks

melting pot

different people from different places come together

discrimination/ prejudice

chinese exclusion act

chinese exclusion act (1880)

excluded all chinese people except for students, teachers, and gov’t officials 

how long did the chinese exclusion act last

1882-1943 - only supposed to last 10 years but they kept extending it every 10 years until 1943

nativism

favoritism towards native born americans

urbanization

growth of cities- migration away from farms 

immigration added what to urbanization

it added growth to cities

americanization 

1. learn english 

2. find a job

3. live with similar immigrants 

water problem

no indoor plumbing

sanitation problem

no people cleaning streets (poop and trash everywhere)

housing (tenements)

row houses (wall to wall)

transportation

trolleys and horses

fire problem

building made of wood and not enough water to put fires out

crime problems

pickpockets