CONTROLLING

controlling

process of determining whether organizational goals and objectives have been achieved and determining what steps should be taken to achieve them in a better way in the future

1. helps organization achieve their goals in the most effective and efficient manner possible

2. investigates deviation between actual and planned performance and differences from those initially planned

3. minimize the effects of negative variances and differences from those initially planned

4. corrective actions and measures may be put in place to make processes more effective and efficient

5. evaluates past activities

importance of controlling

1. established standards

2. measure actual performance

3. comparing actual performance with standards

4. taking necessary actions

steps in the controlling process

1. sales targets

2. production targets

3. work attendance

4. safety records

5. supplies used

typical examples of established standards

1. past-oriented controls

2. future-oriented controls

3. feedforward controls

4. concurrent controls

5. feedback controls

types of control

post-action controls

other name for past-oriented controls

past-oriented controls

controls that measure results after process in conducted and examine what has happened in a particular period in the past

steering controls

other name for future-oriented controls

future-oriented controls

controls designed to measure results during the process so that action can be taken before the job is done or the period is over

feedforward controls

controls that anticipate problems and prevent their occurence

concurrent controls

controls used to detect variances when operations are already ongoing

feedback controls

controls used for purposes of evaluating the results of a completed activity and aims at determining corrective actions to improve future performance

1. control over policies

2. control over organization

3. control over personnel

4. control over wages and salaries

5. control over costs

6. control over methods

7. control over capital expenditures

8. control over research and development

9. control over external relations

10. overall control

scope of control