Quiz 4 - Respiratory System

adenoidectomy

excision of the adneoids

alveolar duct

small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli

alveolitis

inflammation of the alveoli

aphonia

condition of the absence of one’s voice

apnea

a temporary absence of respiration

asphyxia

condition caused by lack of oxygen that leads to impending or actual death

aspirate

to withdraw fluid, tissue, or other substances from a body cavity, cyst, or tumor

atelectasis

failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely

autonomic

involuntary or unconscious

benign

non-cancerous

bronchiectasis

dilation of the bronchi

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchus

bronchodilators

a type of drug that causes small airways in the lungs to open up

bronchogenic carcinoma

cancer that begins in the tissue that lines or covers the airways of the lungs, including small cell and non-small cell lung cancer

bronchopneumonia

inflammation of the lung, particularly in the bronchioles and alveoli, that is associated with bronchitis

bronchoscope

a thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

bronchoscopy

a procedure involving a bronchoscope to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

bronchospasm

spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi

carcinogen

any substance that causes cancer

cardiac notch

an indentation of the surface of the left lung

carina

a ridge at the base of the trachea that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi

chronic

a condition that lasts a long time with periods of remission and exaxerbation

computerized tomography

a noninvasive imaging technique that used computers to analyze several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

conducting zone

the major functions of the conducting zone are to provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, removing debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air

cyanotic

pertaining to abnormal color f blue caused by deoxugenation

defensins

the lysozyme enzyme and proteins which have antibacterial properties

diaphragm

a sheet of skeletal muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities that has to contract and relax for you to breathe

dysphonia

condition of difficult speaking, including hoarseness and change in pitch or quality of the voice

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

endoscope

thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body

endoscopy

a procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body

epiglottis

leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings to close the trachea during swallowing

epistaxis

nosebleed

erythrocytes

RBC

eupnea

a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual, also known as quiet breathing

expiration

exhalation

external nose

the surface and skeletal structures that result in the outward appearance of the nose and contribute to its numerous functions

fauces

the opening of the oral cavity to the pharynx

fibroelastic membrane

a flexible membrane that closes the posterior surface of the trachea, connecting the c-shaped cartilages

glottis

composed of the vestibular folds, the true vocal cords, and the space between these folds

hard palate

located at the anterior region of the nasal cavity and its composed of bone

hemothorax

hemorrhage withing the pleural cavity

hematology

study of blood and blood-forming issues

hilum of the lung

the concave region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves also enter the lungs

hypercapnia

abnormally elevated blood levels of carbon dioxide

hypocapnia

abnormally low blood levels of carbon dioxide

hypoxemia

below-normal level of oxygen saturation of blood

hypoxia

lack of oxygen supply to the tissues

influenza

acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract

inspiration

inhalation

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

laryngopharynx

one of the three regions of the pharynx inferior to the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx

laryngoplasty

surgical repair of the larynx

laryngoscope

a thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the larynx

laryngoscopy

examination of the larynx with a mirror or laryngoscope

larynx

cartilaginous structure inferior to the laryngopharynx that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs, also known as the voice box

lobectory

excision of the lobes of an organ

lymphocytes

the second most common type of leukocyte and are essential for the immune response

malignant

cancerous

mucus

thick, slippery fluid made by the membranes that line certain organs of the body

nasophyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

nasopharyx

upper part of the throat behind the nose, an opening on each side leads into the ear

nabulizer

a devices used to turn a liquid into a fine spray

nosocomial infection

infection acquired the hospital

orophaynx

passageway for both air and food

oximeter

instrument used to measure the oxygenation of tissues

pharyngeal tonsil

tonsil locates at the back of the throat, also know as the adenoid when swollen

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

pharynx

a tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane that is continuous with that of the nasal cavities also known as the throat

pleural effusion

abnormal collection of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lung and the wall of the chest cavity

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

pneumoconiosis

a condition caused by the inhalation if dust

pneumonectomy

excision of the lung

pneumonia

a severe inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) are filled with fluid

pneumothorax

an abnormal collection of air in the space between the thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and the chest cavity that can cause all or part of the lung to collapse.

polysomnography

simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several parameters during sleep to study normal and abnormal sleep.

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in alveoli and bronchioles

pulmonary embolism

a blood clot within the lung

respiratory zone

the respiratory zone includes structures that are directly involved in gas exchange