Electrolyte levels

Potassium (K+) Normal Range

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Potassium (K+) Hypokalemia Symptoms

Muscle weakness/cramps, fatigue, constipation/ileus, dysrhythmias, flattened T waves

Potassium (K+) Hyperkalemia Symptoms

Muscle weakness, diarrhea, dysrhythmias, peaked T waves, possible cardiac arrest

Sodium (Na+) Normal Range

135-145 mEq/L

Sodium (Na+) Hypoatremia Symptoms

Headache, confusion, lethargy, nausea, seizures, coma

Sodium (Na+) Hyoeratremia Symptoms

Thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, confusion, weakness, seizures, coma

Magnesium (Mg2+) Normal Range

~1.7-2.2 mg/dL

Magnesium (Mg2+) Hypomagnesemia Symptoms

Tremors, muscle cramps, hyperactive DTRs, hyperreflexia, seizures, dysrhythmias

Magnesium (Mg2+) Hypermagnesemia Symptoms

Lethargy, muscle weakness, N&V, decreased reflexes, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression & cardiac arrest

Calcium (Ca2+) Normal Range

~8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Calcium (Ca2+) Hypocalcemia Symptoms

Numbness/tingling, muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, Chvostek & Trousseau signs, laryngeal stridor

Calcium (Ca2+) Hypercalcemia Symptoms

Bones, Stones, & groans: bone pain, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), abd pain

Phosphorus (PO43-) Normal Range

~2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Phosphorus (PO43-) Low Symptoms

Weakness, confusion, bone pain, respiratory muscle weakness & heart failure

Phosphorus (PO43-) High Symptoms

Often asymptomatic; may cause hypocalcemia manifestations like muscle cramps/tetany. Calcified deposits in soft tissues (arteries, etc.)