Federalism and the Separation of Powers — Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and cases related to federalism and the separation of powers from the notes.

Dividing power between the national government and the states is called __.

federalism

Dividing power among different branches of government is called __.

separation of powers

The powers expressly granted to the national government are found in Article __, Section __.

I, 8

Implied powers derive from the __ clause.

Necessary and Proper

The __ Clause designates national laws and treaties as the supreme Law of the Land.

Supremacy

The __ Amendment granted a strong role for the states.

Tenth

Reserved powers are state powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states by the __.

Constitution

Powers shared by both state and national governments are called __ powers.

concurrent

Using the power of __, a state may seize property for public use.

eminent domain

States regulate health, safety, and morals through the __ power.

police

The Full Faith and Credit Clause is located in Article __, Section __.

IV, 1

The Comity Clause prohibits discrimination against people from other states; this is Article __, Section __.

IV, 2

Local governments are creations of the and state constitutions.

state legislatures

The period before the 1930s in which duties and operations were strictly separated is called __ federalism.

dual

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) established that the federal government could exercise powers implied by the __ clause.

commerce

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) reinforced federal power via the __ clause.

commerce

The 1937 shift in the Court's stance toward federal regulation was marked by National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation; this signal helped move toward __ federalism.

cooperative

This era of cooperative federalism is also called __ federalism (often described as marble-cake federalism).

marble-cake

Categorical grants-in-aid are given to state and local governments for specific policy categories; these expanded significantly in the _.

1960s

The Department of Education’s 'Race to the Top' is an example of a __ grant.

project

Regulated federalism uses federal mandates to dictate national standards; these mandates are called __.

federal mandates

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act was enacted in the s.

1990

New federalism advocates more state discretion and the rise of __ grants.

block

The Supreme Court is described as federalism’s __, adjudicating jurisdictional boundaries between state and national power.

referee

Rucho v. Common Cause (2019) held that federal courts cannot overturn districting plans drawn for partisan purposes, leaving gerrymandering to stand; this illustrates the concept of __.

gerrymandering